Table 2.
Supportive care received during ICU stay
| Characteristic | All patients (N = 4994)1 | Patients intubated at admission (N = 2325)1 | Patients intubated during ICU stay (N = 1677)1 | Not invasively ventilated during ICU stay (N = 682) | p values2 | p values2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | A vs B | A vs C | ||
| Duration of IMV | 16 [10–27] (3984) | 18 [11–27] (2251) | 15 [8–26] (1609) | NA | < 0.001 | NA |
| Prone position | 61.7% (4717) | 65.2% (2276) | 67.4% (1646) | 36.4% (668) | 0.14 | < 0.001 |
| Prone positioning during IMV duration (days) | 4 [2–7] (2622) | 4 [2–7] (1452) | 4 [2–7] (1101) | NA | 0.031 | NA |
| Neuromuscular blockers used | 67.6% (4761) | 79.2% (2309) | 77.8% (1653) | NA | 0.3 | NA |
| Duration of neuromuscular blocker use (days) | 6 [3–10] (3160) | 6 [3–11] (1791) | 5 [3–10] (1268) | NA | < 0.001 | NA |
| Sedation during ICU stay | 84.7% (4811) | 98.7% (2325) | 95.9% (1676) | 7.5% (682) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Duration of sedation (days) | 14 [8–21] (4018) | 15 [9–22] (2265) | 13 [7–21] (1581) | 2 [1–3] (50) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Need for inotropes/vasopressors | 75.4% (4812) | 88.9% (2325) | 84.4% (1677) | 6.2% (682) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Duration of inotropes/vasopressors (days) | 8 [4–14] (3565) | 8 [4–14] (2025) | 8 [4–14] (1400) | 2 [1–4] (39) | 0.08 | < 0.001 |
| Tracheostomy during ICU admission | 31.3% (4802) | 38.2% (2323) | 33.9% (1677) | NA | 0.006 | NA |
| Timing of tracheostomy after intubation (days) | 16 [11–21] (1454) | 16 [11–21.5] (860) | 15 [10–21] (550) | NA | 0.016 | NA |
| Need for RRT | 24.3% (4808) | 28% (2321) | 27% (1677) | 4.4% (682) | 0.5 | < 0.001 |
| CRRT | 69.5% (1149) | 72.2% (641) | 67.8% (444) | 34.5% (29) | 0.13 | < 0.001 |
| Intermittent | 20.7% (1149) | 17.3% (641) | 23% (444) | 62.1% (29) | ||
| Peritoneal dialysis | 0.4% (1149) | 0.5% (641) | 0.5% (444) | 0% (29) | ||
| Mixture | 9.3% (1149) | 10% (641) | 8.8% (444) | 3.4% (29) | ||
| RRT modality not routinely used outside COVID-19 pandemic | 12.9% (1151) | 13.1% (642) | 11.5% (445) | 20.7% (29) | 0.4 | 0.2 |
| Duration of RRT (days) | 9 [4–18] (1142) | 10 [5–19] (636) | 7 [3–17] (442) | 5 [2–12] (29) | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| ECMO therapy | 4.5% (4795) | 5.5% (2315) | 3.9% (1674) | 0% (680) | 0.022 | < 0.001 |
| Duration of ECMO therapy (days) | 17 [11–30] (214) | 17 [11.5–29] (124) | 15 [10–29] (65) | NA | 0.7 | NA |
Tests are reported without correction for multiple comparisons
IMV invasive mechanical ventilation, ICU intensive care unit, RRT renal replacement therapy, CRRT continuous RRT, ECMO extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation
1n (%); median (IQR)
2Pearson's chi-squared test; Wilcoxon rank sum test; Fisher's exact test