Table 3.
Women’s mental health, care-seeking, and participation in decision-making*
| Control |
Intervention |
Effect | P-value† | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Pre-intervention
|
Post-intervention
|
Pre-intervention
|
Post-intervention
|
|
|
|
Primary outcome
|
|
|
|
|
aRR (95% CI) |
|
| EPDS |
7.2 (0.2) |
4.0 (0.3) |
8.0 (0.2) |
3.0 (0.4) |
0.7 (0.5- 0.9) |
0.008 |
|
Secondary outcomes
|
|
|
|
|
aOR (95% CI) |
|
| Mental health | ||||||
| EPDS≥12 |
51/225 (22.7%) |
18/219 (8.3%) |
61/225 (27.1%) |
19/199 (9.8%) |
1.0 (0.6- 1.4) |
0.810 |
|
Care-seeking for MNCH services
| ||||||
| Timely ANC (first trimester) |
92/222 (41.4%) |
84/204 (41.8%) |
89/225 (39.6%) |
106/200 (52.8%) |
1.7 (1.1, 2.6) |
0.015 |
| 4 or more ANC visits |
157/223 (70.4%) |
158/221 (71.1%) |
170/228 (74.6%) |
151/201 (74.5%) |
1.0 (0.4, 2.4) |
0.938 |
| Couples HIV test in pregnancy |
177/223 (79.4%) |
137/213 (64.0%) |
167/222 (75.2%) |
146/196 (73.8%) |
2.1 (1.3, 3.4) |
0.003 |
| Facility birth |
204/224 (91.1%) |
196/212 (92.3%) |
200/224 (89.3%) |
187/198 (94.3%) |
1.9 (0.6, 5.9) |
0.257 |
| Timely postnatal care (mother) |
205/220 (93.2%) |
187/201 (93.0%) |
202/218 (92.7%) |
194/195 (99.5%) |
15.7 (5.4, 45.3) |
<0.0001 |
| Timely postnatal care (baby) |
32/221 (14.5%) |
22/199 (11.2%) |
34/219 (15.5%) |
55/195 (27.9%) |
2.8 (1.7, 4.8) |
<0.0001 |
|
Participation in decision-making
| ||||||
| Major household purchases |
134/224 (59.8%) |
154/226 (67.7%) |
148/226 (65.5%) |
165/205 (81.0%) |
1.6 (0.9, 2.9) |
0.144 |
| Visits to family |
166/225 (73.8%) |
169/225 (74.8%) |
159/225 (70.7%) |
177/202 (87.4%) |
2.7 (1.8, 4.2) |
<0.0001 |
| Health visits for woman |
164/225 (72.9%) |
181/224 (80.5%) |
157 (68.3%) |
172/205 (84.0%) |
1.6 (0.6, 4.2) |
0.356 |
| All three decisions |
93/224 (41.5%) |
118/225 (51.8%) |
93/224 (41.5%) |
138/203 (68.7%) |
2.0 (1.2, 3.5) |
0.012 |
| None of the decisions | 20 (8.8%) | 20/224 (9.0%) | 20 (8.7%) | 11/205 (5.5%) | 0.6 (0.3, 1.3) | 0.176 |
aRR – adjusted rate ratio. aOR – adjusted odds ratio. ANC – antenatal care. EPDS – Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.
*Data are n (%), n/N (%), or mean (standard error), with variance estimation accounting for health facility catchment clustering. Probability values from Wald χ2 tests based on cluster robust standard errors. aRR and aOR reflect time by intervention group interactions, adjusted for individual women’s age, gravidity, and educational attainment.