Table 2.

Functional activation of LHCGR in primary endometrial cells.

Ref	Cell source	Cell types	n	Phase of cycle	hCG source	Concentration hCG type	LHCGR response	% change in response (relative to control)
85	Primary cells	Stromal	27	Proliferative	National Hormone and Pituitary Program	1.49–14,900 IU/ml hCG type unknown	Cox-2 protein levels by Western Blot	100% increase
							Cox-2 transcript levels by Northern blot	Information not given, only statistically significant above 149 IU/ml
31	Primary cells	Stromal	17	Luteal	Sigma, #994F-0137	50, 250, or 500 ng hCG type unknown	cAMP concentration by radioimmunoassay	500% increase
86	Primary cells	Stromal	21	Proliferative	National Hormone and Pituitary Program	149 IU/ml hCG type unknown	LHCGR transcript levels by Northern blot	60% decrease
							LHCGR expression by Western blot	40% decrease
87	Primary cells	Stromal	20	Secretory	Sigma	10 nM hCG type unknown	PRL expression via RT-qPCR	60% decrease in control patients 20% increase in RPL patients
							PROK1 expression via RT-qPCR	50% decrease in control patients 350% increase in RPL patients
88	Primary cells	Stromal	5	–	Source not specified	0.1–100 IU/ml hCG type unknown	PRL via RT-qPCR and ELISA	58% decrease with in mRNA and protein
							IGFBP1 via RT-qPCR and ELISA	50% decrease in mRNA and protein
16	Primary cells	Stromal	24	Proliferative	National Hormone and Pituitary Program	1.49–149 IU/ml hCG type unknown	Morphology by phase contrast microscopy	Morphological changes consistent with decidualisation
							PRL protein levels by radioimmunoassay	No change, but 200% increase in combination with E2 + P4
32	Primary cells	Stromal	68	Follicular, periovulatory, early-late luteal	Teikokuzouki Pharmaceuticals	0.01–100 IU/ml hCG type unknown	PRL protein levels by radioimmunoassay	100% decrease at 100 IU/ml. No change at 1, 10 IU/ml
							cAMP concentration by radioimmunoassay	66% decrease at 100 IU/ml. No change at 1, 10 IU/ml
18	HES cell line	Epithelial	–	–	National Hormone and Pituitary Program	1.8 IU/ml Recombinant hCG	cAMP concentration by ELISA	Statistically insignificant
							phospho-ERK by Western blot	Increased band intensity (not quantified)
							PGE2 production by ELISA	100% increase
19	Primary cells	Epithelial	28	Proliferative, luteal	Pregnyl, Organon	1–50 IU/ml Urinary hCG	LIF production by ELISA	100–125% increase
							IL-6 production by ELISA	20% decrease
							Cell proliferation by BrdU ELISA	Statistically insignificant
89	Primary cells	Epithelial	18	Proliferative, luteal	Pregnyl, Organon, Ovitrelle, Serono	5–50 IU/ml Recombinant hCG	VEGF protein levels by ELISA	60% increase
20	HES cell line	Epithelial	–	–	EMD Serono	10 IU/ml Recombinant hCG	phospho-ERK by Western blot	400% increase
90	Primary cells	Epithelial	15	Proliferative, luteal	National Hormone and Peptide Program	0.2–20 IU/ml Recombinant hCG	FGF2 protein levels, among others, by multiplex immunoassay	50% increase
21	Primary cells HES cell line	Epithelial	2	– –	National Hormone and Pituitary Program	20 IU/ml (acute) or 0.5–5 + 20 IU/ml (chronic) Recombinant hCG	phospho-ERK by Western Blot	40–50% increase
							Transepithelial resistance	40% decrease (acute dose)
							Cell adhesion	20–50% increase
22	Primary cells	All	22	Various	Source not specified	10 μg/ml hCG type unknown	Adenylyl cyclase activity by radioactive cAMP production	Statistically insignificant
23	Primary cells	Stromal	46	Mid-luteal	Sigma (#CG10)	10 IU/ml Urinary hCG	cAMP concentration by ELISA	100% increase
							phospho-ERK by Western blot	100% increase
40	Primary cells	Stromal	5	Proliferative	Profasi, Serono	1–10 IU/ml Urinary hCG	Proliferation by [3H]-Thymidine incorporation	65% reduction
24	Primary cells	All	12	Proliferative	Luveris, Merck	0–100 ng/ml Recombinant LH	cAMP concentration by ELISA	200% increase
							CYP191A and P450ssc expression by RT-qPCR	300% and 200% increase, respectively