TABLE 1.
Changed composition of gut microbiota in the elderly
| Taxon (Phylum/Genus) | Trend | Country | Subjects amount | Composition of subjects | Method (Fecal Samples) | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unhealthy Aging | |||||||
| Actinobacteria | Bifidobacterium | ↓ | Spain | 153 subjects | 49 adults (ages <50 years), 58 elderly (ages 50–65 years), 46 old (ages 66–80 (n = 19), and >80 (n = 27) years) subjects | qPCR | Salazar et al. (2019) |
| ↓ | Thailand | 120 subjects | 73 adults (ages 30–40 years) and 47 elderly (ages ≥65 years) subjects | 16S rRNA sequencing | La‐Ongkham et al. (2020) | ||
| Bacteroidetes | Alistipes | ↑ | Ireland | 170 subjects | 161 elderly (ages ≥65 years), 9 control (ages 28–46 years) subjects | 16S rRNA sequencing | M. J. Claesson et al. (2011) |
| Bacteroides | ↑ | Finland | 32 subjects | 9 elderly non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAID) users (ages 77–85 years), 9 elderly non‐users (ages 70–83 years), and 14 young adults (ages 21–39 years) | %G + C profiling/16S rDNA sequencing | Mäkivuokko et al. (2010) | |
| ↑ | Ireland | 170 subjects | 161 elderly (ages ≥65 years), 9 control (ages 28–46 years) subjects | 16S rRNA sequencing | M. J. Claesson et al. (2011) | ||
| ↑ | Thailand | 120 subjects | 73 adults (ages 30–40 years) and 47 elderly (ages ≥65 years) subjects | 16S rRNA sequencing | La‐Ongkham et al. (2020) | ||
| ↓ | India | 54 subjects | 12 young (ages 3–15 years), 18 elderly (ages 25–40 years) and 24 old (ages >50 years) | 16S rRNA sequencing | Chaudhari et al. (2020) | ||
| ↓ | Spain | 76 subjects | 38 old subjects in retirement homes (ages 77–95 years), 38 elderly subjects in their own homes (ages 57–67 years) | qPCR | Salazar et al. (2013) | ||
| ↓ | Spain | 153 subjects | 49 adults (ages <50 years), 58 elderly (ages 50–65 years), 46 old (ages 66–80 (n = 19), and >80 (n = 27) years) subjects | qPCR | Salazar et al. (2019) | ||
| Parabacteroides | ↑ | Thailand | 120 subjects | 73 adults (ages 30–40 years) and 47 elderly (ages ≥65 years) subjects | 16S rRNA sequencing | La‐Ongkham et al. (2020) | |
| Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes | ↓ | Thailand | 120 subjects | 73 adults (ages 30–40 years) and 47 elderly (ages ≥65 years) subjects | 16S rRNA sequencing | La‐Ongkham et al. (2020) | |
| Firmicutes | Clostridium | ↑ | Finland | 32 subjects | 9 elderly NSAID users (ages 77–85 years), 9 elderly non‐users (ages 70–83 years), and 14 young adults (ages 21–39 years) | %G + C profiling/16S rDNA sequencing | Mäkivuokko et al. (2010) |
| ↓ | Spain | 76 subjects | 38 old subjects in retirement homes (ages 77–95 years), 38 elderly subjects in their own homes (ages 57–67 years) | qPCR | Salazar et al. (2013) | ||
| Coprobacillus | ↓ | Finland | 32 subjects | 9 elderly NSAID users (ages 77–85 years), 9 elderly non‐users (ages 70–83 years), and 14 young adults (ages 21–39 years) | %G + C profiling/16S rDNA sequencing | Mäkivuokko et al. (2010) | |
| Dialister | ↓ | Finland | 32 subjects | 9 elderly NSAID users (ages 77–85 years), 9 elderly non‐users (ages 70–83 years), and 14 young adults (ages 21–39 years) | %G + C profiling/16S rDNA sequencing | Mäkivuokko et al. (2010) | |
| Dorea | ↓ | Thailand | 120 subjects | 73 adults (ages 30–40 years) and 47 elderly (ages ≥65 years) subjects | 16S rRNA sequencing | La‐Ongkham et al. (2020) | |
| Faecalibacterium | ↑ | Ireland | 170 subjects | 161 elderly (ages ≥65 years), 9 control (ages 28–46 years) subjects | 16S rRNA sequencing | M. J. Claesson et al. (2011) | |
| ↓ | Spain | 153 subjects | 49 adults (ages <50 years), 58 elderly (ages 50–65 years), 46 old (ages 66–80 (n = 19), and >80 (n = 27) years) subjects | qPCR | Salazar et al. (2019) | ||
| ↓ | Spain | 76 subjects | 38 old subjects in retirement homes (ages 77–95 years), 38 elderly subjects in their own homes (ages 57–67 years) | qPCR | Salazar et al. (2013) | ||
| Lactobacillus | ↑ | Finland | 32 subjects | 9 elderly NSAID users (ages 77–85 years), 9 elderly non‐users (ages 70–83 years), and 14 young adults (ages 21–39 years) | %G + C profiling/16S rDNA sequencing | Mäkivuokko et al. (2010) | |
| ↑ | Spain | 76 subjects | 38 old subjects in retirement homes (ages 77–95 years), 38 elderly subjects in their own homes (ages 57–67 years) | qPCR | Salazar et al. (2013) | ||
| Lachnospiraceae | ↓ | Ireland | 170 subjects | 161 elderly (ages ≥65 years), 9 control (ages 28–46 years) subjects | 16S rRNA sequencing | M. J. Claesson et al. (2011) | |
| Oscillospira | ↑ | Finland | 32 subjects | 9 elderly NSAID users (ages 77–85 years), 9 elderly non‐users (ages 70–83 years), and 14 young adults (ages 21–39 years) | %G + C profiling/16S rDNA sequencing | Mäkivuokko et al. (2010) | |
| Roseburia | ↓ | Finland | 32 subjects | 9 elderly NSAID users (ages 77–85 years), 9 elderly non‐users (ages 70–83 years), and 14 young adults (ages 21–39 years) | %G + C profiling/16S rDNA sequencing | Mäkivuokko et al. (2010) | |
| Ruminococcus | ↓ | Finland | 32 subjects | 9 elderly NSAID users (ages 77–85 years), 9 elderly non‐users (ages 70–83 years), and 14 young adults (ages 21–39 years) | %G + C profiling/16S rDNA sequencing | Mäkivuokko et al. (2010) | |
| Sporobacter | ↑ | Finland | 32 subjects | 9 elderly NSAID users (ages 77–85 years), 9 elderly non‐users (ages 70–83 years), and 14 young adults (ages 21–39 years) | %G + C profiling/16S rDNA sequencing | Mäkivuokko et al. (2010) | |
| Streptococcus | ↑ | Finland | 32 subjects | 9 elderly NSAID users (ages 77–85 years), 9 elderly non‐users (ages 70–83 years), and 14 young adults (ages 21–39 years) | %G + C profiling/16S rDNA sequencing | Mäkivuokko et al. (2010) | |
| Verrucomicrobia | Akkermansia | ↑ | Spain | 76 subjects | 38 old subjects in retirement homes (ages 77–95 years), 38 elderly subjects in their own homes (ages 57–67 years) | qPCR | Salazar et al. (2013) |