Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants according to the AIP quartiles
| Q1 (< – 0.40) |
Q2 (– 0.40 to 0.04) |
Q3 (0.04 to 0.50) |
Q4 (0.50 ≤) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 90,654 | 90,798 | 90,672 | 90,739 | |
| Sex (% men) | 41.7 | 49.5 | 56.6 | 67.0 | < 0.0001 |
| Age (years) | 58.6 ± 8.7 | 59.4 ± 8.8 | 59.4 ± 8.8 | 58.5 ± 8.5 | < 0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.0 ± 2.8 | 23.9 ± 2.9 | 24.5 ± 2.8 | 25.1 ± 2.8 | < 0.0001 |
| WC (cm) | 78.5 ± 8.1 | 81.5 ± 8.0 | 83.7 ± 7.8 | 85.9 ± 7.5 | < 0.0001 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 123.2 ± 15.2 | 125.9 ± 15.2 | 127.7 ± 15.0 | 129.9 ± 14.9 | < 0.0001 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 76.1 ± 9.9 | 77.9 ± 9.9 | 79.1 ± 9.8 | 80.8 ± 9.9 | < 0.0001 |
| Smoking (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
| Current smoker | 10.3 | 14.5 | 18.6 | 26.3 | |
| Ex-smoker | 14.4 | 17.1 | 19.3 | 22.1 | |
| Non-smoker | 72.3 | 65.3 | 59.1 | 48.9 | |
| Drinking (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
| None | 61.8 | 59.8 | 56.3 | 49.2 | |
| Mild | 17.4 | 16.9 | 17.0 | 16.8 | |
| Moderate | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.6 | |
| Heavy | 14.0 | 16.4 | 20.0 | 27.5 | |
| Physical activity (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
| None | 26.1 | 27.8 | 29.1 | 30.5 | |
| 1–2 times/week | 19.8 | 21.7 | 23.0 | 25.4 | |
| 3–4 times/week | 21.6 | 21.1 | 20.9 | 20.4 | |
| ≥ 5 times/week | 30.4 | 27.2 | 25.0 | 22.1 | |
| Hypertension (%) | 21.1 | 27.1 | 31.4 | 35.6 | |
| Diabetes (%) | 5.1 | 7.4 | 9.6 | 13.1 | |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 13.3 | 17.2 | 19.9 | 24.7 | |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 97.3 ± 20.0 | 100.5 ± 22.5 | 103.4 ± 25.5 | 109.4 ± 32.9 | < 0.0001 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 71.1 ± 31.9 | 106.6 ± 31.0 | 147.1 ± 31.3 | 262.9 ± 115.1 | < 0.0001 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 68.1 ± 43.8 | 55.4 ± 16.2 | 49.3 ± 9.4 | 42.3 ± 8.7 | < 0.0001 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 117.9 ± 37.0 | 123.9 ± 36.3 | 126.0 ± 37.2 | 116.9 ± 45.1 | < 0.0001 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 197.1 ± 35.3 | 200.7 ± 36.8 | 204.8 ± 37.5 | 209.7 ± 39.8 | < 0.0001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 82.2 ± 18.7 | 80.2 ± 18.8 | 78.9 ± 19.2 | 77.9 ± 19.9 | < 0.0001 |
Results reported as means ± standard deviation (SD) or percentage, unless otherwise indicated
BMI: body mass index; BP: blood pressure; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; WC: waist circumference