Table 1.
Sociodemographic, sleep, and mental health variables at baseline.
| Total Sample M (SD) or n (%) n=73 |
Without Probable PTSD Group M (SD) or n (%) n=43 |
With Probable PTSD Group M (SD) or n (%) n=30 |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (Years) | 48.01 (13.46) | 50.23 (14.15) | 44.83 (11.93) | 0.092 |
| Race/Ethnicity † | ||||
| Non-Hispanic/Latina White | 29 (41.10%) | 19 (44.19%) | 10 (36.67%) | 0.47 |
| Non-Hispanic/Latina Black/African American | 26 (36.99%) | 15 (34.88%) | 11 (40.00%) | 1.00 |
| Hispanic/Latina | 17 (23.29%) | 9 (20.93%) | 8 (26.75%) | 0.59 |
| Non-Hispanic/Latina American Indian/Alaska Native | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | - |
| Non-Hispanic/Latina Asian American or Asian | 2 (2.74%) | 1 (2.33%) | 1 (3.33%) | 1.00 |
| Non-Hispanic/Latina Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 2 (2.74%) | 2 (4.65%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0.51 |
| Education (Years) | 16.42 (2.87) | 16.42 (2.75) | 16.43 (3.08) | 0.98 |
| Income | 0.057 | |||
| <$10,000 | 4 (5.63%) | 4 (9.52%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| $10,000-20,000 | 8 (11.27%) | 2 (4.76%) | 6 (20.69%) | |
| $20,000-30,000 | 9 (12.68%) | 4 (9.52%) | 5 (17.24%) | |
| $30,000-40,000 | 9 (12.68%) | 3 (7.14%) | 6 (20.69%) | |
| $40,000-50,000 | 11 (15.59%) | 7 (16.67%) | 4 (13.79%) | |
| $50,000-100,000 | 15 (21.13%) | 11 (26.19%) | 4 (13.79%) | |
| >$100,000 | 15 (21.13%) | 11 (26.19%) | 4 (13.79%) | |
| Sexual Orientation | 0.14 | |||
| Heterosexual/Straight | 52 (76.47%) | 33 (82.50%) | 19 (67.86%) | |
| Gay/Lesbian | 14 (20.59%) | 7 (17.50%) | 7 (25.00%) | |
| Bisexual | 2 (2.94%) | 0 (0.00%) | 2 (7.14%) | |
| Relationship Status | 0.74 | |||
| Married | 30 (44.12%) | 15 (37.50%) | 15 (53.57%) | |
| Divorced | 11 (16.18%) | 7 (17.50%) | 4 (14.29%) | |
| Separated | 4 (5.88%) | 3 (7.50%) | 1 (3.57%) | |
| Widowed | 2 (2.94%) | 1 (2.50%) | 1 (3.57%) | |
| Single/Never Married | 21 (30.88%) | 14 (35.00%) | 7 (25.00%) | |
| Employment | 0.16 | |||
| Unemployed | 34 (46.58%) | 17 (39.53%) | 17 (56.67%) | |
| Employed for wages | 39 (53.42%) | 26 (60.47%) | 13 (43.33%) | |
| Insomnia (ISI Total Score) | 14.52 (5.18) | 12.56 (4.65) | 17.33 (4.61) | <0.001 |
| Sleep Quality (PSQI Total Score) | 10.97 (3.85) | 9.86 (3.42) | 12.57 (3.92) | 0.003 |
| Diary Sleep Efficiency (%) | 78.00 (13.52) | 81.14 (10.82) | 73.34 (15.83) | 0.015 |
| Diary TST (minutes) | 367.49 (81.32 | 376.28 (70.77) | 354.45 (94.67) | 0.27 |
| Objective Sleep Efficiency (%) | 81.41 (7.18) | 82.31 (7.42) | 80.12 (6.72) | 0.20 |
| Nightmares Per Week | 1.88(3.24) | 0.81 (1.55) | 3.40 (4.31) | <0.001 |
| Depression (PHQ-9 Total Score) | 10.12 (5.41) | 7.44 (3.94) | 13.97 (4.91) | <0.001 |
| Anxiety (GAD-7 Total Score) | 10.15 (5.49) | 7.72 (4.76) | 13.63 (4.55) | <0.001 |
| PTSD (PCL-5 Total Score) | 24.41 (20.57) | 9.53 (10.64) | 45.73 (9.40) | <0.001 |
| Mental QoL (SF-12 Mental) | 42.06 (11.34) | 46.24 (11.56) | 36.07 (7.93) | 0.001 |
| Physical QoL (SF-12 Physical) | 42.05 (12.87) | 45.14 (12.30) | 37.63 (12.56) | 0.01 |
Note.
Multiple response options can be selected, and thus percentages do not sum to 100%; ISI=Insomnia Severity Index, PSQI=Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PHQ-9=Patient Health Questionnaire-9, GAD-7=Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale, PCL-5=PTSD Checklist 5, and SF-12= 12-Item Short Form Health Survey; TST=total sleep time; Lower values indicate poorer sleep efficiency and greater PSQI scores indicate poorer sleep quality; p<0.10 reported as 3 digits after the decimal point, p=0.100-.99 reported as 2 digits after decimal point, and values of .000 and 1.0 reported as <0.001 and >0.99; Valid N varies according to variable, from n=72 to n=73. p values from independent samples t-test for continuous variables; Fisher's exact test for categorical variables.