Table 2.
Prevalence of Homelessness and Housing Instability During the Past 12 Months, Overall and by Selected Characteristics, Among Persons With Diagnosed HIV by Sociodemographic Characteristics—Medical Monitoring Project, United States, 2018 (N = 4,050)
| Characteristic | Unstably Housed | Unstably Housed Only (Not Homeless) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | PR (95% CI) | p | Yes | Row% (CI)b | No | Row% (CI)b | PR (95% CI) | p | |||
| n a | Row% (CI)b | n a | Row% (CI)b | n a | n a | |||||||
| Total | 870 | 21.0 (19.5–22.6) | 3,157 | 79.0 (77.4–80.5) | 471 | 11.5 (10.0–13.1) | 3,552 | 88.5 (86.9–90.0) | ||||
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Male | 625 | 20.8 (19.1–22.5) | 2,283 | 79.2 (77.5–80.9) | Reference | 335 | 11.4 (9.8–13.1) | 2,571 | 88.6 (86.9–90.2) | Reference | ||
| Female | 219 | 20.9 (18.5–23.2) | 821 | 79.1 (76.8–81.5) | 1.01 (0.88–1.14) | 0.937 | 124 | 11.3 (9.2–13.4) | 914 | 88.7 (86.6–90.8) | 0.99 (0.82–1.18) | 0.894 |
| Transgender | 26 | 33.2 (20.4–46.0) | 52 | 66.8 (54.0–79.6) | 1.60 (1.09–2.33) | 0.027 | 12 | 18.7 (8.8–28.7) | 66 | 81.3 (71.3–91.2) | 1.64 (0.98–2.74) | 0.073 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| Black, non-Hispanic | 450 | 25.3 (23.2–27.4) | 1,285 | 74.7 (72.6–76.8) | 1.61 (1.37–1.88) | < 0.001 | 243 | 13.8 (11.2–16.4) | 1,488 | 86.2 (83.6–88.8) | 1.59 (1.30–1.95) | < 0.001 |
| White, non-Hispanic | 178 | 15.7 (13.2–18.3) | 944 | 84.3 (81.7–86.8) | Reference | 97 | 8.7 (6.7–10.7) | 1,025 | 91.3 (89.3–93.3) | Reference | ||
| Hispanic/Latino | 169 | 19.1 (15.3–22.8) | 711 | 80.9 (77.2–84.7) | 1.21 (0.93–1.58) | 0.157 | 96 | 10.8 (8.6–12.9) | 784 | 89.2 (87.1–91.4) | 1.24 (0.92–1.67) | 0.154 |
| Other/multiracialc | 73 | 24.0 (19.6–28.4) | 217 | 76.0 (71.6–80.4) | 1.52 (1.24–1.87) | < 0.001 | 35 | 12.8 (9.5–16.0) | 255 | 87.2 (84.0–90.5) | 1.47 (1.09–1.99) | 0.013 |
| Age at the time of interview (year) | ||||||||||||
| 18–29 | 131 | 41.5 (35.0–48.0) | 206 | 58.5 (52.0–65.0) | 2.83 (2.33–3.44) | < 0.001 | 75 | 23.5 (16.4–30.7) | 261 | 76.5 (69.3–83.6) | 2.97 (2.09–4.22) | < 0.001 |
| 30–39 | 173 | 28.1 (24.2–32.0) | 427 | 71.9 (68.0–75.8) | 1.91 (1.57–2.33) | < 0.001 | 100 | 16.8 (12.6–20.9) | 498 | 83.2 (79.1–87.4) | 2.11 (1.56–2.87) | < 0.001 |
| 40–49 | 211 | 22.7 (19.4–26.0) | 675 | 77.3 (74.0–80.6) | 1.55 (1.31–1.82) | < 0.001 | 106 | 11.5 (9.3–13.7) | 779 | 88.5 (86.3–90.7) | 1.45 (1.20–1.76) | < 0.001 |
| ≥50 | 355 | 14.7 (13.0–16.4) | 1,849 | 85.3 (83.6–87.0) | Reference | 190 | 7.9 (6.5–9.4) | 2,014 | 92.1 (90.6–93.5) | Reference | ||
| Educational attainment | ||||||||||||
| Less than high school | 218 | 31.5 (27.6–35.3) | 493 | 68.5 (64.7–72.4) | 1.91 (1.67–2.18) | < 0.001 | 108 | 14.9 (11.9–17.9) | 602 | 85.1 (82.1–88.1) | 1.48 (1.18–1.86) | 0.001 |
| High school or equivalent | 273 | 24.0 (20.9–27.1) | 811 | 76.0 (72.9–79.1) | 1.46 (1.24–1.71) | <0.001 | 137 | 12.5 (10.0–15.1) | 946 | 87.5 (84.9–90.0) | 1.25 (1.02–1.53) | 0.033 |
| More than high school | 379 | 16.5 (15.0–18.0) | 1,851 | 83.5 (82.0–85.0) | Reference | 226 | 10.0 (8.5–11.6) | 2,002 | 90.0 (88.4–91.5) | Reference | ||
| Sexual behavior or orientation | ||||||||||||
| Men who have sex with men | 373 | 18.5 (16.5–20.5) | 1,566 | 81.5 (79.5–83.5) | Reference | 218 | 11.2 (9.5–13.0) | 1,719 | 88.8 (87.0–90.5) | Reference | ||
| Men who have sex with women | 242 | 25.7 (22.4–29.1) | 668 | 74.3 (70.9–77.6) | 1.39 (1.18–1.63) | < 0.001 | 112 | 12.0 (9.2–14.7) | 798 | 88.0 (85.3–90.8) | 1.07 (0.83–1.36) | 0.616 |
| Women who have sex with men | 212 | 20.7 (18.3–23.1) | 805 | 79.3 (76.9–81.7) | 1.12 (0.95–1.31) | 0.17 | 121 | 11.2 (9.0–13.4) | 894 | 88.8 (86.6–91.0) | 1.00 (0.81–1.24) | 1 |
| Other | 43 | 26.7 (17.8–35.6) | 118 | 73.3 (64.4–82.2) | 1.44 (1.00–2.08) | 0.063 | 20 | 14.4 (6.8–21.9) | 141 | 85.6 (78.1–93.2) | 1.28 (0.75–2.18) | 0.376 |
| Incarcerated >24 hr, past 12 months | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 97 | 49.9 (42.6–57.1) | 84 | 50.1 (42.9–57.4) | 2.55 (2.21–2.94) | < 0.001 | 43 | 23.2 (16.6–29.8) | 137 | 76.8 (70.2–83.4) | 2.12 (1.64–2.74) | < 0.001 |
| No | 772 | 19.6 (18.2–21.0) | 3,068 | 80.4 (79.0–81.8) | Reference | 427 | 11.0 (9.5–12.4) | 3,410 | 89.0 (87.6–90.5) | Reference | ||
| Any disabilityd | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 505 | 27.1 (24.8–29.3) | 1,301 | 72.9 (70.7–75.2) | 1.66 (1.49–1.85) | < 0.001 | 244 | 13.4 (11.3–15.4) | 1,560 | 86.6 (84.6–88.7) | 1.32 (1.12–1.56) | 0.001 |
| No | 365 | 16.3 (14.8–17.9) | 1,853 | 83.7 (82.1–85.2) | Reference | 227 | 10.1 (8.5–11.7) | 1,989 | 89.9 (88.3–91.5) | Reference | ||
| Poverty level, past 12 monthse | ||||||||||||
| Above poverty level | 305 | 14.9 (13.0–16.7) | 1,750 | 85.1 (83.3–87.0) | Reference | 191 | 9.4 (7.6–11.2) | 1,864 | 90.6 (88.8–92.4) | Reference | ||
| At or below poverty level | 487 | 28.4 (25.4–31.4) | 1,163 | 71.6 (68.6–74.6) | 1.91 (1.62–2.26) | < 0.001 | 233 | 13.7 (11.1–16.3) | 1,416 | 86.3 (83.7–88.9) | 1.46 (1.12–1.90) | 0.006 |
| Median stigma scores | 870 | 45.0 (42.2–47.8) | 3,157 | 36.2 (35.1–37.3) | 471 | 43.9 (40.3–47.6) | 3,552 | 37.1 (36.0–38.2) | ||||
Note. Numbers may not add to total due to missing data. CI = confidence interval; HHS = U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
a
Numbers are unweighted.
b
Percentages and corresponding CIs are weighted.
c
Includes American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, or multiple races.
d
Disability includes physical, mental, and emotional disabilities.
e
Poverty guidelines as defined by HHS; the 2017 guidelines were used for persons interviewed in 2018 and the 2018 guidelines were used for persons interviewed in 2019. More information regarding HHS poverty guidelines can be found at https://aspe.hhs.gov/frequently-askedquestions-related-poverty-guidelines-and-poverty.