Figure 1.

Relative mean fold difference in soluble biomarkers at the time of study enrollment in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who were enrolled >30 days vs within 30 days of estimated date of detectable HIV infection. Results are presented unadjusted (gray circles) and adjusted for viral load at baseline and smoking status (black squares). Biomarkers for which the confidence interval does not cross 1.0 are additionally bolded. Results higher in people with EDDI to ENR >30 days are to the right, while results higher in people with EDDI to ENR within 30 days extend to the left. Several markers were attenuated after adjustment (eg, interferon-γ), but other associations strengthened after adjustment (eg, CD4/CD8, CD8, and interleukin 12p70). Mean fold change and Benjamini-Hochberg–adjusted P values are presented in Supplementary Table 1. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CRP, C-reactive protein; EDDI, estimated date of detectable infection; ENR, enrollment; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; IP, interferon-γ–inducible protein; IQR, interquartile range; MCP, monocyte chemoattractant protein; MIP, macrophage inflammatory protein; sCD14, soluble CD14; sCD163, soluble CD163; SDF, stromal cell–derived factor; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; VCAM, vascular cell adhesion molecule.