Table 2.

Characteristics of studies that examined the effect of acute and chronic exercises on anabolic and catabolic hormones

Study	Year	PEDro scale	Population/sex/sample size	Sample size	Country	Age, years (mean ± SD) or age range	Characteristics of exercise training	Duration (weeks)
Friedenreih et al. [69]	2019	8	Post-menopausal women	396	Canada	59.4 ± 4.9	Moderate and high-intensity training	52
Vaczi et al. [59]	2014	7	Older men	16	Hungary	65.7 ± 5.3	Stretch shortening cycle and eccentric training	10
Im et al. [10]	2019	7	Older women	25	Korea	69.4 ± 2.9	Yoga and Korean dance	12
Søgaard et al. [77]	2018	6	Older men and women	22	Denmark	63 ± 1	High-intensity interval training	6
Ahtiainen et al. [60]	2011	7	Older men	35	Finland	61 ± 5	Heavy resistance exercise	21
Ahtiainen et al. [61]	2015	7	Older men	13	Finland	70 ± 2	Heavy resistance exercise	52
Banitalebi et al. [70]	2018	9	Older women	48	Iran	67.4 ± 1.4	Resistance and endurance training	12
Consitt et al. [76]	2016	7	Young and older	20	USA	19–29 and 57–82	Endurance and strength training	12
DiPietro et al. [63]	2008	7	Older women	20	USA	77 ± 6	Aerobic training and strength training	36
Glintborg et al. [62]	2013	10	Older males	54	Denmark	68	Strength training	12
Ha et al. [72]	2018	7	Older women	20	North Korea	73 ± 2.8	Combined resistance training and aerobic training	12
Hayes et al. [63]	2015	7	Older men	48	Scotland	61 ± 5	Low- to medium- and high-intensity training	6
Hayes et al. [90]	2015	6	Sedentary aged men	22	UK	62 ± 2	High-intensity training	6
Kim et al. [56]	2017	7	Older men and women	555	USA	51	Moderate physical activity	52
Krishnan et al. [65]	2013	7	Premenopausal women	28	USA	46.7 ± 3.3	Aerobic and resistance training	24
Micielska et al. [73]	2019	6	Healthy inactive women	33	Poland	45 ± 13	High-intensity circuit training	5
Motiani et al. [55]	2017	7	Sedentary men and women	26	Finland	45–55	Moderate-intensity interval training	2
Nunes et al. [66]	2019	7	Post-menopausal women	34	Brazil	64.2	Resistance training	16
Ogawa et al. [74]	2010	6	Older women	21	Japan	85.0 ± 4.5	Resistance training	12
De Guia et al. [94]	2019	6	Older men	43	Denmark	46.5 ± 3.0	Aerobic and resistance training	12
Praksch et al. [78]	2019	7	Older women	60	Hungary	67.4 ± 5	Home-based walking and aerobic training	12
Ramos et al. [75]	2016	7	Elderly men and women	66	Australia	58 ± 7	MICT and high-intensity training	16
Sato et al. [67]	2014	6	Older men	19	Japan	67.2 ± 1.8	Resistance training	12
Sellami et al. [15]	2016	7	Moderately trained late adult men	36	Tunisia	40.7 ± 1.8	Combined sprint and resistance training	13
Sellami et al. [16]	2018	7	Moderately trained late adult men	40	Tunisia	40 ± 2	Combined sprint and resistance training	13
Walker et al. [68]	2015	7	Older men	18	USA	63.7 ± 3	Resistance training	20
Yamada et al. [79]	2015	7	Community-dwelling older men and women	222	Japan	76.3 ± 5.9	Walking exercise and nutrition	24
Bermon et al. [80]	1999	6	Sedentary and trained older adults	32	France	70.1 ± 1	Strength training	8
Bennefoy et al. [82]	1999	6	Community-dwelling older adults	32	France	69.7 ± 2.2	Physical activity	2
Craig et al. [58]	1989	6	Older men	9	USA	62.8 ± 0.7	Progressive resisted exercise	12

PEDro scale physiotherapy evidence database scale, F female, M male, M/F male and female, x times, W weeks, H hour, min minutes, Others other methods of intervention beyond the physical activity, BMI body mass index, SD standard deviation