Table 1:

Population demographic characteristics of annual population of birth parents in the United States versus propensity-matched controls, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2008-2016.

	Birth Parents Estimate (95%CI)	Matched controls Estimate (95%CI)	P value
Sample n (unweighted)	4,056	7,996
Annual Pop. Estimate (millions)	3.5 (3.3–3.7)	6.7 (6.4–7.0)
Age (years)	28.0 (27.3-28.3)	27.8 (27.6-28.0)	0.17
Race (%)
Asian	6.1% (4.9-7.2)	6.4% (5.2-7.6)	0.61
Black	14.2% (12.3-16.1)	14.5% (12.7–16.3)	0.73
Native American	0.85% (0.3-1.4)	1.2% (0.60-1.8)	0.09
White	77.1% (74.8-79.4)	76.1% (73.7–78.4)	0.32
None of the above/mixed	1.8% (1.4-2.2)	1.90% (1.5-2.4)	0.69
Hispanic ethnicity (%)	22.5% (19.6-25.4)	21.8% (19.2-24.4)	0.47
Non-English home* (%)	20.6% (18.4-22.7)	20.7% (18.7-22.7)	0.91
Low Education† (%)	11.4% (10.1-12.6)	11.8% (10.8-12.9)	0.44
Married (%)	67.8% (65.8-69.9)	60.5% (58.7-62.2)	<0.001
Family Size (n)	4.1 (4.1-4.2)	4.0 (3.9-4.01)	<0.001
Family Income (%)
≤138% FPL	35.7% (33.4-37.9)	38.8% (36.8-40.8)	0.01
139-250% FPL	20.7% (19.0-22.5)	20.8% (19.4–22.2)	0.96
251-400% FPL	17.8% (15.9-19.8)	16.1% (14.8-17.4)	0.11
>400% FPL	25.7% (23.4-28.1)	24.3% (22.4-26.2)	0.30
Elixhauser Comorbidity ≥2 (%)	13.9% (12.0-15.7)	13.1% (11.8-14.4)	0.43
Self-reported health status (%)
Excellent	33.1% (30.8-35.4)	32.2% (30.7-33.6)	0.45
Very Good	35.6% (33.7-37.6)	36.0% (34.5-37.5)	0.75
Good	24.7% (22.8-26.6)	25.2% (23.8-26.6)	0.64
Fair	5.8% (4.8-6.8)	5.6% (4.9%-6.2)	0.65
Poor	0.8% (0.5-1.0)	1.1% (0.7-1.4)	0.21

FPL=Federal poverty line; CI = confidence interval; Pop. = population; All estimates applicable to extrapolated civilian, non-institutionalized US population, p value by Adjusted Wald test. Matched control cohort was 2:1 nearest-neighbor propensity matched on all variables included in this table, in addition to survey year and weight.

^*Language other than English is primary language spoken in family home

^†Low education indicates age >18 and no high school or equivalent degree