Table 2.
Employment and insurance coverage characteristics for annual population of newborn mothers in the United States versus propensity-matched controls, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2008-2016.
| Birth Parents Estimate (95%CI) n = 4,056 |
Matched controls Estimate (95%CI) n = 7,996 |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Employment* (%) | |||
| Part-year non-employment | 52.6% (50.5-54.8) | 46.6% (45.0-48.3) | <0.001 |
| Full-year non-employment | 32.1% (30.2-34.0) | 26.0% (24.5-27.6) | <0.001 |
| Birth-month Insurance† (%) | |||
| Private coverage | 56.3% (53.7-59.0) | 54.1% (52.1-56.2) | 0.09 |
| Medicaid coverage | 32.1% (29.5-34.7) | 16.4% (14.8-18.0) | <0.001 |
| Other public coverage | 1.7% (1.1-2.4) | 1.7% (1.2-2.2) | 0.95 |
| Uninsured | 9.9% (8.5-11.3) | 27.8% (25.8-29.7) | <0.001 |
| Uninsurance | |||
| Never insured (%) | 6.2% (5.1-7.3) | 20.1% (19.0-22.7) | <0.001 |
| Any period (%) | 27.6% (25.2-29.9) | 35.9% (34.0-37.8) | <0.001 |
| Months uninsured (n) | 1.7 (1.5-1.9) | 3.2 (3.0-3.4) | <0.001 |
| Insurance Churn‡ (%) | |||
| All coverage | |||
| Any change | 28.1% (26.1-30.2) | 18.8% (17.6-20.0) | <0.001 |
| Any loss | 14.9% (13.0-16.8) | 12.0% (10.9-13.0) | 0.007 |
| Any gain | 13.8% (12.4-15.3) | 12.5% (11.4-13.7) | 0.18 |
| Medicaid | |||
| Gain | 22.4% (19.7-25.0) | 17.9% (15.4-20.3) | 0.01 |
| Loss | 25.6% (22.3-29.0) | 17.0% (14.7-19.2) | <0.001 |
| Disruption | 33.5% (30.0-37.0) | 23.2% (20.4-26.0) | <0.001 |
| Private | |||
| Gain | 6.3% (4.7-7.9) | 9.9% (8.7-11.1) | <0.001 |
| Loss | 6.0% (4.7-7.3) | 9.6% (8.3-10.9) | 0.002 |
| Disruption | 9.8% (9.4-12.1) | 9.8% (8.2-11.4) | 0.33 |
CI = confidence interval; Matched control cohort was 2:1 nearest-neighbor propensity matched on age, race, ethnicity, home language, marital status, family size, education, income, comorbidity, health status, year, and survey weight.
Employment status assessed at 3 interview points in each calendar year, non-employment defined as reporting no job at present or to return to for non-retirees >18 years of age
Coverage in birth month for mothers, and first eligible month for matched controls
Insurance churn in year of delivery: change (any change in coverage type), loss (insurance to uninsurance), gain (uninsurance to insurance), disruption (insurance type to uninsurance or other coverage).