Table 3.

Delivery hospitalization characteristics and associated catastrophic health expenditures for mothers and newborns in the United States, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2008-2016.

	Delivery Hospitalizations*			Extended Newborn Hospitalizations† Estimate (95%CI) n = 524
	Vaginal Delivery Estimate (95%CI) n = 2,252	Cesarean section Estimate (95%CI) n = 1,049	P value
Hospitalization Characteristics
Female (%)	100% (-)	100% (-)	1.0	44.4% (38.4-50.5)
Multiple delivery (%)	1.0% (0.4-1.6)	3.0% (1.7-4.2)	0.006	5.7% (2.4-9.1)
Length of stay (days)	2.4 (2.3-2.4)	3.5 (3.3-3.7)	<0.001	10.3 (8.1-12.4)
Visit Expenditures
Total ($)	$8,000 (7,500-8,500)	$11,500 (10,700-12,300)	<0.001	$19,500 (10,700-28,200)
Out-of-pocket ($)	$560 (470-650)	$470 (400-540)	0.12	$470 (360-580)
Risk of Catastrophic Health Expenditures‡ in birth year
Expenses >10% income (%)	10.2% (8.5-11.9)	7.5% (5.7-9.3)	0.03	12.1% (8.2-15.9)
Expenses >5% income among those <250% FPL (%)	25.8% (22.3-29.3)	22.8 (18.2-27.5)	0.30	25.3% (18.0-32.7)
Expenses + Premiums >10% income (%)	21.0% (18.3-23.6)	23.4% (20.2-26.6)	0.22	26.5% (20.8-32.3)

FPL = Federal Poverty Level; CI = Confidence Interval

^*Hospitalization data missing for n = 525, and present but unknown delivery type for n = 230, these observations are not represented in this table

^†Hospitalization data for newborns only reported in cases where newborn stay extended beyond maternal stay, all costs are additional costs on top of maternal hospitalization

^‡Catastrophic health expenditures defined at family level, annual family out-of-pocket health expenses (with or without premiums) as a percent of annual family income