Table 3.
Descriptive statistics: group difference (N = 1,196).
| Total Sample | Occasional babysitting grandparents (n = 781,65.28%) | Intermediate/extensive babysitting grandparents (n = 212,17.75%) | Co-resident grandparents (n = 103,8.58%) | Custodial grandparents (n = 100,8.39%) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M(SD)/n(%) | Range | M(SD)/n(%) | Range | M(SD)/n(%) | Range | M(SD)/n(%) | Range | M(SD)/n(%) | Range | F/χ2 | |
| Age | 63.04 (7.32) | 51–88 | 63.53 (7.61) | 51–88 | 63.26 (6.76) | 51–83 | 63.35 (6.99) | 51–83 | 60.71 (7.14) | 51–85 | F = 3.02* |
| Female | 695 (58.11) | __ | 471 (60.35) | __ | 110 (52.01) | __ | 53 (51.53) | __ | 61 (61.35) | __ | χ2 = 2.64 |
| Non-white | 232 (19.40) | __ | 146 (18.71) | __ | 52 (24.38) | __ | 19 (18.58) | __ | 15 (15.38) | __ | χ2 = 4.80 |
| Married | 870 (72.74) | __ | 562 (71.95) | __ | 178 (81.97) | __ | 66 (64.27) | __ | 64 (64.07) | __ | χ2 = 16.69 |
| Household income (US$) | 66,593.16 (92,023.93) | 0– 819,700 | 64,695.9 (105,333.1) | 2,916–819,700 | 64,099.1 (65,510.4) | 1,572–270,160 | 87,951.3 (117,263.4) | 16,800– 473,028 | 58,262.9 (60,092.95) | 570–277,700 | F = 2.74 |
| Working for pay | 559 (46.73) | __ | 364 (46.58) | __ | 104 (49.21) | __ | 27 (25.85) | __ | 64 (64.42) | __ | χ2 = 31.1* |
| Education (years) | 13.05 (2.80) | 0–17 | 13.11 (2.93) | 0–17 | 13.19 (2.10) | 5–17 | 12.21 (3.49) | 2–17 | 13.34 (2.61) | 6–17 | F = 3.12* |
| Health | 3.12 (1.09) | 1–5 | 3.18 (1.09) | 1–5 | 3.29 (1.03) | 1–5 | 2.68 (1.00) | 1–5 | 2.82 (1.15) | 1–5 | F = 6.00** |
| Functional limitations | .28 (.71) | 0–5 | .29 (.71) | 0–5 | .16 (.47) | 0–4 | .60 (.88) | 0–4 | .60 (.89) | 0–5 | F = 2.75* |
| Number of chronic diseases | 2.06 (1.48) | 0–8 | 2.05 (1.46) | 0–8 | 1.95 (1.40) | 0–6 | 2.24 (1.63) | 0–6 | 2.17 (1.67) | 0–7 | F= .53 |
| Number of children | 3.16 (1.44) | 1–6 | 3.14 (1.42) | 1–6 | 2.90 (1.45) | 1–6 | 3.47 (1.59) | 1–6 | 3.37 (1.51) | 1–6 | F = 1.60 |
| Number of grandchildren | 4.27 (1.77) | 1–6 | 4.29 (1.80) | 1–6 | 4.21 (1.84) | 1–6 | 4.04 (1.56) | 1–6 | 4.43 (1.53) | 1–6 | F= .39 |
| Number of friends | 3.22 (1.96) | 1–6 | 3.35 (1.98) | 1–6 | 2.76 (1.91) | 1–6 | 3.24 (1.62) | 1–6 | 3.15 (2.21) | 1–6 | F = 1.79 |
| Associational solidarity | 4.02 (1.07) | 1–6 | 4.09 (1.04) | 1–6 | 4.13 (1.06) | 1–6 | 3.65 (1.24) | 1–6 | 3.56 (.87) | 1–6 | F = 4.74** |
| Structural solidarity | 1.99 (.70) | 1–3 | 1.96 (.70) | 1–3 | 1.83 (.65) | 1–3 | 3 (0) | 1–3 | 1.80 (.40) | 1–3 | F = 35.1*** |
| Functional (from child) solidarity | 127 (10.65) | __ | 88 (11.22) | __ | 20 (9.67) | __ | 16 (16.02) | __ | 3 (2.83) | __ | χ2 = 10.03 |
| Functional (to child) solidarity | 530 (44.32) | __ | 334 (42.73) | __ | 95 (44.66) | __ | 39 (38.45) | __ | 62 (61.91) | __ | χ2 = 14.81 |
| Relationship quality | __ | ||||||||||
| Amicable | 607 (50.78) | __ | 443 (56.73) | __ | 98 (46.36) | __ | 41 (40.27) | __ | 25 (24.63) | __ | χ2 = 44.7** |
| Ambivalent | 276 (23.14) | __ | 164 (21.02) | __ | 48 (22.72) | __ | 29 (27.85) | __ | 35 (35.20) | __ | χ2 = 11.5* |
| Detached | 139 (11.64) | __ | 70 (8.94) | __ | 41 (19.19) | __ | 11 (11.00) | __ | 17 (17.32) | __ | χ2 = 20.49 |
| Disharmonious | 174 (14.48) | __ | 104 (13.31) | __ | 25 (11.73) | __ | 22 (20.88) | __ | 23 (22.86) | __ | χ2 = 11.24 |
| Depressive symptoms | 1.68 (2.24) | 0–8 | 1.19 (1.92) | 0–8 | 1.94 (2.20) | 0–8 | 1.88 (2.41) | 0–8 | 2.83 (2.71) | 0–8 | F = 4.90** |
Notes. Weighted results are reported.
*
p< .05,
**
p<.01,
***
p< .001.