Table 4.
Regression models of grandparent caregiving on depressive symptoms by relationship types and background characteristics.
| Occasional Babysitting GPs | Intensive/extensive Babysitting GPs | Co-resident GPs | Custodial GPs | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b (SE) | b (SE) | b (SE) | b (SE) | b (SE) | b (SE) | b (SE) | b (SE) | |
| Background Characteristics | ||||||||
| Age | −.04 (.02)* | −.03 (.02)† | −.03 (.03) | −.05 (.03) | −.11 (.05)* | −.12 (.05)* | −.07 (.03) | −.04 (.03) |
| Female | −.46 (.21)* | −.47 (.21)* | .17 (.37) | .02 (.36) | −.26 (.46) | −.22 (.64) | .49 (.52) | .77 (.56) |
| Married | −.21 (.22) | −.16 (.23) | −.89 (.58) | −1.2 (.52)* | −.71 (.57) | −.96 (.62) | .95 (.70) | 1.1 (.70) |
| Non-white | −.16 (.21) | −.15 (.21) | .97 (.47)* | .79 (.43)† | .31 (.61) | .44 (.79) | .56 (.74) | .16 (.60) |
| Household income (logged) | −.04 (.08) | −.03 (.07) | .07 (.18) | −.02 (.19) | −.02 (.42) | .−.04 (.43) | .08 (.32) | .34 (.33) |
| Education years | −.02 (.04) | −.03 (.04) | −.09 (.12) | −.09 (.09) | .02 (.09) | −.01 (.10) | −.11 (.21) | −.17 (.17) |
| Working for pay | −.26 (.23) | −.26 (.24) | −1.1 (.38)** | −.93 (.35)** | −1.4 (.67)* | −1.4 (.85) | 1.3 (.54)* | .61 (.66) |
| Health | −.56 (.12)*** | −.55 (.12)*** | −.47 (.20)* | −.55 (.20)*** | −.86 (.49)† | −1.2 (.56)* | −.75 (.25)** | −.69 (.24)** |
| Functional limitations | .76 (.24)*** | .79 (.24)** | 1.23 (.57)* | 1.24 (.49)* | .99 (.41)* | .50 (.53) | .05 (.27) | .15 (.32) |
| Number of chronic conditions | .24 (.10)** | .20 (.09)* | .38 (.17)* | .35 (.16)* | −.14 (.28) | −.01 (.28) | .45 (.23)† | .20 (.25) |
| Number of children | .04 (.08) | .05 (.09) | −.36 (.18)* | −.32 (.16)* | .21 (.43) | .20 (.42) | −.39 (.20)† | −.51 (.23)* |
| Number of grandchildren | .08 (.07) | .06 (.07) | .17 (.12) | .13 (.11) | −.07 (.38) | .04 (.38) | −.12 (.27) | .02 (.25) |
| Number of friends | −.11 (.06)† | −.10 (.06) | −.18 (.14) | −.15 (.14) | .05 (.22) | .10 (.23) | .10 (.12) | .09 (.14) |
| Associational solidarity | .08 (.11) | .13 (.11) | .32 (.21) | .34 (.21) | −.00 (.31) | .14 (.32) | .44 (.38) | .59 (.31) |
| Structural solidarity | −.13 (.18) | −.12 (.17) | .45 (.28) | .50 (.27) | −.22 (.95) | .16 (.92) | .55 (.65) | 1.8 (.99) |
| Functional (from child) solidarity | .82 (.46)† | .82 (.42)† | −.40 (.92) | −.71 (.97) | −1.17 (.81) | −1.04 (.78) | −1.13 (1.9) | .54 (1.8) |
| Functional (to child) solidarity | −.16 (.21) | −.17 (.21) | .28 (.37) | .12 (.34) | .01 (.62) | .19 (.61) | −1.51 (.71)* | −1.3 (.68)† |
| Relationship Types (ref: Amicable) | ||||||||
| Ambivalent | .46 (.25)† | .01 (.46) | .69 (.52) | .01 (.73) | ||||
| Detached | −.11 (.30) | 1.1 (.58)* | 1.2 (.76)* | −.12 (.70) | ||||
| Disharmonious | .89 (.39)* | .36 (.71) | 1.7 (.93)* | 1.8 (.87)* | ||||
| R2 | .321 | .356 | .414 | .452 | .488 | .534 | .411 | .479 |
| ΔR2 | .035** | .038** | .046* | .068* | ||||
Notes. Significance levels are denoted as †p<.10, *p< .05, **p<.01, ***p< .001. Analyses are weighted.