Fig. 9.

The effect of pure and Cu- substituted nHA/Cs/Gel scaffold conditioned media (CM) on Saos-2 osteoblast proliferation and viability. (A) MTT results illustrated that CM from nHA.Cu3%/Cs/Gel and nHA.Cu5%/Cs/Gel scaffolds significantly affected osteoblast proliferation on days 1 (b P value <0.01, a: P value < 0.05), and 3 (for nHA.Cu3%/Cs/Gel scaffold, a: P value < 0.05). A positive correlation was found between osteoblast growth and scaffolds but nHA.Cu7%/Cs/Gel scaffolds (c: P value < 0.001, b P value <0.01, a: P value < 0.05). (B) the live dead staining on day 7 exhibited a high number of live cells (green) vs dead ones (red) indicating desirable osteoblast viability exposed to scaffold CM.