. 2022 May 23:1–21. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s11109-022-09789-z

Table 2.

Model summaries for the integrated analysis of misperception

	Model 1 Ideology (random intercept)			Model 2 Ideology (random slopes)			Model 3 Ideology x AOT			Model 4 Ideology x pandemic			Model 5 Ideology x AOT x pandemic
Predictors	b	SE	p	b	SE	p	b	SE	p	b	SE	p	b	SE	p
(Intercept)	18.38	2.98	< 0.001	18.38	2.98	< 0.001	19.39	2.96	< 0.001	19.28	2.99	< 0.001	19.20	2.96	< 0.001
Study 2	1.77	0.63	0.005	1.78	0.63	0.005
Study 3	1.68	0.56	0.003	1.69	0.56	0.003	0.46	0.54	0.392
Age	1.95	1.00	0.050	1.94	0.99	0.051	0.77	1.09	0.484	2.19	0.99	0.027	0.82	1.10	0.456
Gender (women)	-2.02	0.46	< 0.001	-2.02	0.46	< 0.001	-1.88	0.53	< 0.001	-1.96	0.46	< 0.001	-1.87	0.53	< 0.001
Gender (other)	-0.16	6.94	0.981	-0.23	6.94	0.974	-1.11	6.72	0.869	0.80	6.97	0.909	-0.43	6.72	0.949
Education	-6.17	0.82	< 0.001	-6.14	0.82	< 0.001	-5.17	1.01	< 0.001	-4.97	0.77	< 0.001	-4.96	1.03	< 0.001
Ideology (cultural beliefs)	9.67	0.91	< 0.001	9.90	2.75	< 0.001	7.43	2.63	0.005	8.83	2.83	0.002	5.63	2.89	0.051
Economic beliefs	-0.40	1.32	0.764	-0.41	1.32	0.756	-1.06	1.55	0.491	-0.76	1.32	0.563	-1.36	1.55	0.380
Confidence	-12.90	0.75	< 0.001	-12.76	0.74	< 0.001	-13.83	0.89	< 0.001	-12.91	0.74	< 0.001	-13.85	0.89	< 0.001
AOT							-12.71	2.87	< 0.001				-14.84	3.45	< 0.001
Ideology x AOT							-17.12	6.48	0.008				-24.81	9.98	0.013
COVID-19 [During]										0.76	0.45	0.092	0.70	0.59	0.235
Ideology x COVID-19 [During]										3.26	1.83	0.075	3.33	2.32	0.151
AOT x COVID-19 [During]													4.25	3.55	0.231
Ideology x AOT x COVID-19 [During]													11.93	13.19	0.366
Random Effects
σ²	229.65			225.30			250.50			225.26			250.52
τ₀₀	22.16 _subject			22.59 _subject			16.62 _subject			22.86 _subject			16.37 _subject
	86.69 _item			86.79 _item			85.20 _item			88.13 _item			85.21 _item
τ₁₁				66.99 _{item−Ideology}			55.79 _{item−Ideology}			66.76 _{item−Ideology}			55.82 _{item−Ideology}
							47.96 _item−AOT						47.98 _item−AOT
ρ₀₁				0.61 _item			0.59 _{item−Ideology}			0.59 _item			0.59 _{item−Ideology}
							-0.16 _item−AOT						-0.16 _item−AOT
N	1022 _subject			1022 _subject			681 _subject			1022 _subject			681 _subject
	10 _item			10 _item			10 _item			10 _item			10 _item
Observations	9009			9009			6622			9009			6622
Marginal R² / Conditional R²	0.068 / 0.367			0.068 / 0.380			0.080 / 0.355			0.067 / 0.382			0.081 / 0.355

Note: We use the term ideology or right/left wing beliefs referring to cultural beliefs. The higher the score, the more right-wing the beliefs