Table 3.

Chow test in the period 1970–2018.

	Life expectancy at birth	Mortality rate
Breaking point identified by the QLR test	2001 F(9,21) = 6.088	2000 F(9,21) = 4.897
Chow test	F(9,21) = 6.088	F(9,21) = 4.897
	P F(9,21) > 6.0851 = 0.0003***	P F(9,21) > 4.897 = 0.0012***
Mean comparison	Mean 1970–2000: 74.37	Mean 1970–1999: 8.79
	Mean 2002–2018: 78.25	Mean 2001–2018: 8.26
Mann–Whitney U test	P<0.0001***	P<0.0001***

^***P ≤ 0.01; In bold, significant P value.