Table 3.
The hematological profiles of COVID-19 patients infected by the omicron variant were divided into three subgroups and thereby compared between patients with none or partial vaccination and patients with full vaccination (exhibited by p1 values), or between patients with none or partial vaccination and patients with three-dose vaccination (exhibited by p2 values).
| Normal range | None or partially vaccinated (n = 46) |
Fully vaccinated (n = 78) |
p1 | Three doses vaccinated (n = 45) | p2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood cell count | ||||||
| White blood cells, × 109/L | 3.5–9.5 | 6.39 (5.17–7.23) | 5.86 (4.94–7.34) | 0.799 | 6.49 (5.27–8.04) | 0.480 |
| Neutrophils, × 109/L | 1.8–6.3 | 4.24 (2.71–5.48) | 4.13 (2.86–5.44) | 0.877 | 4.39 (3.34–6.01) | 0.414 |
| Lymphocytes, × 109/L | 1.1–3.2 | 0.82 (0.60–1.50) | 1.09 (0.77–1.60) | 0.161 | 1.20 (0.83–1.77) | 0.104 |
| Monocytes, × 109/L | 0.1–0.6 | 0.61 (0.38–0.74) | 0.54 (0.04–0.69) | 0.474 | 0.57 (0.43–0.66) | 0.754 |
| Red blood cells, × 1012/L | 3.8–5.1 | 4.69 (4.36–5.17) | 4.78 (4.52–5.17) | 0.364 | 5.00 (4.50–5.34) | 0.121 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 115–150 | 137.50 (129.00–153.00) | 137.00 (129.00–150.00) | 0.715 | 146.00 (131.00–158.00) | 0.156 |
| Hematocrit, % | 35–50 | 41.10 (38.83–45.18) | 41.25 (38.70–44.35) | 0.871 | 43.80 (39.70–47.25) | 0.084 |
| MCV, fL | 82–100 | 87.75 (84.35–90.68) | 87.55 (84.58–90.20) | 0.729 | 89.00 (85.70–90.85) | 0.482 |
| MCH, pg | 27–34 | 29.30 (28.70–30.70) | 29.20 (28.30–30.30) | 0.302 | 29.90 (28.75–30.35) | 0.625 |
| MCHC, gL | 316–354 | 336.50 (328.50–342.00) | 333.00 (327.00–339.00) | 0.276 | 335.00 (326.50–343.50) | 0.812 |
| RDW, % | 11.5–17.8 | 12.10 (11.90–12.35) | 12.00 (11.60–12.55) | 0.531 | 12.00 (11.65–12.50) | 0.292 |
| Platelet, × 109/L | 125–350 | 200.50 (167.00–251.75) | 221.00 (180.00–262.25) | 0.129 | 236.00 (197.00–269.00) | 0.022 |
| MPV, fL | 7.4–12.5 | 9.75 (9.08–10.70) | 9.70 (8.90–10.55) | 0.744 | 9.90 (9.20–10.40) | 0.769 |
| PDW, % | 9–17 | 13.10 (10.38–15.93) | 13.10 (10.38–16.00) | 0.840 | 12.10 (11.00–16.05) | 0.691 |
| Coagulation factors | ||||||
| Prothrombin time, s | 9–13 | 11.50 (10.58–12.83) | 11.40 (10.58–12.43) | 0.621 | 11.50 (10.50–12.65) | 0.656 |
| INR | 0.8–1.2 | 0.97 (0.90–1.00) | 0.95 (0.88–0.99) | 0.367 | 0.95 (0.88–0.99) | 0.192 |
| aPTT, s | 23.3–32.5 | 29.85 (26.55–35.63) | 30.15 (27.40–33.98) | 0.924 | 28.70 (25.50–33.90) | 0.272 |
| Thrombin time, s | 14–21 | 18.95 (15.30–19.60) | 18.45 (15.45–19.20) | 0.306 | 17.90 (14.90–19.00) | 0.018 |
| Fibrinogen, g/L | 2–4 | 2.66 (2.25–3.16) | 2.70 (2.10–2.96) | 0.666 | 2.99 (2.54–3.41) | 0.067 |
| D–dimer, mg/L | <0.55 | 0.26 (0.16–0.47) | 0.19 (0.15–0.36) | 0.140 | 0.23 (0.15–0.37) | 0.377 |
| Metabolic and biomarker panel | ||||||
| CRP, mg/L | 0–10 | 4.47 (1.98–9.35) | 5.50 (2.02–10.64) | 0.459 | 4.90 (2.75–8.25) | 0.779 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | <0.1 | 0.14 (0.08–0.19) | 0.17 (0.09–0.21) | 0.214 | 0.14 (0.08–0.21) | 0.535 |
| Total bilirubin, μmol/L | 3–22 | 8.10 (5.60–11.18) | 7.40 (5.50–12.05) | 0.784 | 7.90 (6.10–10.85) | 0.830 |
| Direct bilirubin, μmol/L | 0–5 | 2.40 (1.30–3.90) | 2.30 (1.20–3.10) | 0.269 | 2.40 (0.65–3.45) | 0.376 |
| Indirect bilirubin, μmol/L | 0–19 | 5.55 (3.65–7.95) | 5.00 (3.20–9.05) | 0.959 | 5.60 (3.65–7.95) | 0.886 |
| ALT, U/L | 9–50 | 30.00 (26.00–39.25) | 33.00 (24.00–40.25) | 0.891 | 31.00 (25.00–45.50) | 0.573 |
| AST, U/L | 15–40 | 26 0.00 (21.75–35.75) | 25.00 (20.75–32.00) | 0.233 | 24.00 (20.00–28.00) | 0.097 |
| ALP, U/L | 32–126 | 80.50 (58.75–121.00) | 72.50 (60.00–103.50) | 0.420 | 70.00 (57.00–82.00) | 0.049 |
| GGT, U/L | 12–73 | 20.00 (13.75–30.25) | 18.00 (14.00–26.25) | 0.447 | 22.00 (15.00–45.00) | 0.253 |
| Total protein, g/L | 63–82 | 77.55 (72.48–82.38) | 77.45 (73.15–82.25) | 0.844 | 78.80 (73.20–82.20) | 0.827 |
| Albumin, g/L | 35–50 | 45.15 (42.08–47.33) | 45.20 (42.73–47.90) | 0.614 | 43.90 (42.55–47.45) | 0.886 |
| Globulin, g/L | 20–30 | 31.35 (25.88–40.08) | 31.35 (27.75–37.45) | 0.992 | 33.20 (28.50–38.15) | 0.578 |
| BUN, mmol/L | 2.86–8.2 | 4.19 (3.69–5.58) | 4.50 (3.70–5.30) | 0.899 | 4.32 (3.45–5.08) | 0.815 |
| Creatinine, mmol/L | 31.7–133 | 59.00 (39.85–71.50) | 54.35 (40.78–68.33) | 0.534 | 63.20 (46.60–72.90) | 0.453 |
| LDH, U/L | 80–285 | 219.50 (186.00–370.50) | 219.50 (183.25–350.25) | 0.603 | 204.00 (165.00–345.50) | 0.184 |
| CPK, U/L | 38–174 | 66.50 (50.00–112.50) | 64.00 (45.50–100.00) | 0.358 | 62.00 (42.00–83.50) | 0.081 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 3.89–6.11 | 6.35 (5.85–6.73) | 6.00 (5.40–6.80) | 0.177 | 6.30 (5.65–7.11) | 0.805 |
| Cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.3–5.2 | 4.34 (3.73–5.11) | 4.62 (3.93–5.30) | 0.179 | 4.92 (4.28–5.66) | 0.007 |
| Triglyceride, mmol/L | 0.4–1.7 | 0.87 (0.59–1.30) | 0.89 (0.58–1.24) | 0.961 | 0.94 (0.66–1.53) | 0.515 |
| Potassium, mmol/L | 3.5–5.3 | 3.97 (3.74–4.18) | 4.06 (3.84–4.25) | 0.178 | 4.09 (3.91–4.34) | 0.063 |
| Sodium, mmol/L | 137–147 | 138.45 (135.25–139.93) | 138.70 (135.45–141.10) | 0.444 | 138.20 (135.25–140.20) | 0.883 |
| Total calcium, mmol/L | 2.1–2.55 | 2.30 (2.22–2.38) | 2.32 (2.26–2.43) | 0.237 | 2.35 (2.27–2.41) | 0.118 |
MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; RDW, red blood cell distribution width; MPV, mean platelet volume; PDW, platelet distribution width; aPTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; INR, international normalized ratio; CRP, c-reaction protein; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; GGT, γ-glutamyl transferase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; LDH, lactic dehydrogenase; CPK, creatine phosphokinase.