Table 1.

Comparison of Article 5.3 codification across four low-and middle-income country (LMIC) contexts

		Uganda	Ethiopia	India	Karnataka state
Norms	Core
	Governance
Rules	Limit interactions
	Reject partnership/non-binding agreements
	Avoid conflicts of interest
	Transparent industry information
	Denormalise CSR
	No preferential treatment
	Treat state-owned industry the same
	Whole-of-government applicability
Policy tools	Transparency of interactions
	Guidelines on necessary interaction
	Code of conduct
	Information disclosure by industry
	Raise awareness
	Removal of tax exemptions
	Multisectoral coordination mechanisms

, broad consistency; , limited provision; , omitted.

CSR, corporate social responsibility.