Table 6.

Outcomes of Studies: Retinal Inflammation and Neurodegeneration

Study	Adherent leukocytes	Macrophages	Müller cell gliosis	Pro-inflammatory cytokines	VCAM-1 expression	ICAM-1 expression	GFAP expression	BDNF expression
Feng et al.29								Decreased to 0.52 ± 0.1-fold
He et al.37					Increased (no raw data)		Increased (no raw data)
Hernández et al.26							Increased (GFAP score 1–3)
Liao et al.32				Increased (TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-6, IL-18, IL-12) (no raw data)
Piano et al.39			No changes (no raw data)
Qiu et al.43	Increased (no raw data)					Increased (no raw data)
Sergeys et al.31	Increased (2.5-fold)	Increased (3.1-fold)	Increased (2.7-fold)
Wang et al.41	Increased (no raw data)					Increased (no raw data)	Increased (no raw data)
Wang et al.42							Increased (no raw data)