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. 2022 May 13;35:103046. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103046

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© 2022 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 4 — Significant spatiotemporal clusters that depended on the UCS-TYPE. A and B) Right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC)-SPQ (A) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC)-SPQ (B) clusters revealed significant correlations between the neural CS+/CS- difference and the percentual SPQ reduction that differed between UCS-TYPEs. Both scatterplots depict correlations in the phobia-related (magenta) and the phobia-unrelated block (cyan). The right dlPFC-SPQ cluster (top row) appeared at an early to mid-latency (110–200 ms) time interval and was located at the right dorsolateral cortex. While the correlation in the phobia-unrelated block (cyan) was non-significant, the phobia-related block revealed a significant negative correlation (magenta). Higher neural activity evoked by the CS- was associated with better treatment outcomes in the phobia-related block. In contrast, the vmPFC-SPQ cluster (bottom row) occurred at rather late latencies (283–497 ms). Correlations in the phobia-related and phobia-unrelated block were reversed in comparison to the R- dlPFC-SPQ cluster. In the vmPFC-SPQ cluster, correlations were non-significant after Bonferroni correction. C and D) Associations of the remission status and the neural CS+/CS- difference. Remission status was not associated with the neural CS+/CS- difference in the R-dlPFC-SPQ cluster (C). However, the vmPFC- SPQ cluster (D) revealed a significant association between neural CS+/CS- differences and the remission status. Remitted patients showed an increased neural CS+/CS- difference in the phobia-related block (magenta) and reduced CS+/CS- difference in the phobia-related block (cyan). Yet, post-hoc tests were non-significant following Bonferroni correction. The y- axis is the same as used in A and B. Error bars and fields around the correlation line display 95% confidence intervals. *p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)