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. 2022 May 23;20:240. doi: 10.1186/s12967-022-03437-0

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — NK cell development. In mice, common lymphoid progenitor (CLP) produces common ILC precursor, CILCP). CILCP can produce NK cells and helper-like ILCs. There are at least five other stages in NK cell development from CILCP: NK progenitor cells (NKP), refined-NKP (rNKP), CD27⁺CD11b⁻NK, CD27⁺CD11b⁺NK and CD27⁻CD11b⁺ NK. In humans, after CILCP is developed from CLP, NK-restricted NKP will be developed from the latter. NKs is characterized by expressing CD122, losing CD34 and CD127. The expression of T-bet and Eomes is needed for further differentiation into functional NK cells. The expression of CD56 can divide NK cells into two subgroups: CD56^dim and CD56^bright. The two subsets express activated surface receptors NKp46 and NKp80. CD56⁺ NK cells can differentiate into CD56⁻ NK cells by expressing CD16, PEN5 and CD57