Table 3.
Clinical sign of headache
| Headache | Nano-curcumin group N = 22 | Control group N = 22 | P valueb | Effect size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequencies (number/ week) | ||||
| Before | 3.23 ± 0.37 | 3.59 ± 0.38 | 0.43 | 47% |
| After | 1.82 ± 0.19 | 3.95 ± 0.31 | < 0.001c | |
| Difference | − 1.40 ± 0.37 | 0.36 ± 0.22 | < 0.001 | |
| P valuea | 0.002 | 0.12 | ||
| Duration (hour) | ||||
| Before | 17.55 ± 3.21 | 14.41 ± 2.45 | 0.7 | 34% |
| After | 4.42 ± 0.87 | 12.34 ± 2.02 | < 0.001c | |
| Difference | − 13.12 ± 3.08 | − 2.06 ± 1.85 | 0.004 | |
| P value a | < 0.001 | 0.42 | ||
| Severity (visual analogue scale (VAS) scoring) | ||||
| Before | ||||
| No pain | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.87 | 37% |
| Mild pain | 0 (0%) | 1 (4.5%) | ||
| Moderate pain | 8 (36.4%) | 6 (27.3%) | ||
| Sever pain | 12 (54.5%) | 13 (59.1%) | ||
| Worst pain | 2 (9.1%) | 2 (9.1%) | ||
| After | ||||
| No pain | 1 (4.5%) | 0 (0%) | < 0.001c | |
| Mild pain | 6 (27.3%) | 1 (4.5%) | ||
| Moderate pain | 13 (59.1%) | 7 (31.8%) | ||
| Severe pain | 2 (9.1%) | 13 (59.1%) | ||
| Worst pain | 0 (0%) | 1 (4.5%) | ||
| P valuea | < 0.001 | 0.48 | ||
Data are reported as means ± SE
aWill Coxon t test
bMann U Witney Test
cAnalysis of Covariance (ANCOVA)