Table 1.
Demographics and biomarker values
| n = 127 | Neurological controls n = 20 |
Non-AD MCI n = 19 |
AD-MCI n = 25 |
AD dementia n = 37 |
Non-AD dementia n = 26 |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 60.6 (9.6) | 61.1 (8.4) | 70.3 (5.8)# | 67.7 (7.9)# | 68.1 (7.0)# | <0.001 |
| Female, n (%) | 70% (14) | 63% (12) | 68% (17) | 62% (23) | 38% (10) | 0.155 |
| LoE, years | 11.6 (3.8) | 9.7 (2.5) | 11.0 (3.9) | 9.0 (3.5)# | 11.2 (3.4) | 0.050 |
| MMSE | 27.42 (1.6) | 25.0 (2.3)# | 25.1 (2.4)# | 18.2 (4.3)# | 22.8 (5.4)# | <0.001 |
| CSF biomarkers | ||||||
| CSF Aβ42, pg/mL | 1041.6 (264.4) | 987.2 (326.0) | 516.4 (122.5)# | 548.3 (135.9)# | 919.3 (428.7) | <0.001 |
| CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio | 0.129 (0.045) | 0.092 (0.029) | 0.051 (0.027)# | 0.045 (0.017)# | 0.104 (0.033) | <0.001 |
| CSF p-tau, pg/mL | 33.7 (10.7) | 40.7 (17.2) | 79.2 (22.9)# | 95.7 (32.5)# | 45.2 (20.5)# | <0.001 |
| CSF t-tau, pg/mL | 196.0 (66.7) | 223.0 (100.6) | 501.7 (203.4)# | 703.9 (285.2)# | 305.2 (152.1)# | <0.001 |
| CSF NRG1, pg/mL | 295.8 (107.1) | 324.4 (137.5) | 312.8 (157.8) | 403.9 (155.1)# | 315.0 (134.4) | 0.044 |
| CSF neurogranin, pg/mL | 208.1 (69.5) | 213.6 (84.7) | 364.4 (83.1)# | 351.4 (91.9)# | 230.2 (107.9) | <0.001 |
| CSF GAP-43, pg/mL | 1677.2 (616.2) | 2004.8 (987.9) | 3422.9 (1087.9)# | 3787.6 (1388.7)# | 2348.8 (1267.8)# | <0.001 |
| CSF SNAP-25, pg/mL | 6.7 (2.2) | 8.2 (3.5) | 13.1 (3.7)# | 17.1 (5.3)# | 7.8 (3.9) | <0.001 |
| Plasma biomarker | ||||||
| Plasma NRG1, pg/mL | 378.9 (400.7) | 488.4 (392.2) | 707.6 (562.7)# | 940.3 (737.5)# | 615.5 (486.3)# | <0.001 |
Data are shown as mean (SD) or n (%), as appropriate. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare age between groups and Pearson’s chi-square to compare sex. Fluid biomarker levels and MMSE were compared with a one-way ANCOVA adjusted by age and sex followed by the least square difference test adjusted for multiple comparisons
Abbreviations: Aβ42 amyloid-beta 42, Aβ40 amyloid-beta 40, AD Alzheimer’s disease, AD-MCI MCI due to Alzheimer’s disease, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, GAP-43 growth-associated protein 43, LoE level of education, MCI mild cognitive impairment, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, NRG1 neuregulin 1, p-tau phosphorylated tau, SNAP-25 synaptosomal-associated protein 25, t-tau total tau
#P < 0.05 compared to neurological controls