Table 1.
Studies | Agonists | Participants | Treatment | Baseline LH (IU/L) | Max LH (IU/L) after treatment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Dhillo et al. 2007) [50] | KP54 | 26-32 healthy women |
sc bolus 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, and 6.4 nmol/kg in the follicular phase; sc bolus 0.4 nmol/kg in each phase of the menstrual cycle (follicular, preovulatory, and luteal phase) |
follicular: 4.2 preovulatory: 14.5 luteal: 3.6 in each phase |
The highest increase: preovulatory phase |
(Jayasena et al. 2011) [51] | KP10 | 35 healthy women | iv bolus 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, or 10 nmol/kg in follicular phase and preovulatory phase women |
2.9 3.8/6.8 |
Increase only in preovulatory phase women |
(Jayasena, Comninos, Veldhuis, et al. 2013) [52] | KP54 | 6 healthy women | sc bolus 0.15, 0.30, 0.60 nmol/kg | 1.2-9.0 | Increase: 2.3 in 0.60 nmol/kg |
(Jayasena, Comninos, Nijher, et al. 2013) [53] | KP54 | 5 healthy women | twice-daily sc injections 6.4 nmol/kg during menstrual days 7-14 | 5.7 |
Increase: 8.6 on day 7 Increase: 12.7 on day 14 |
(Narayanaswamy et al. 2016) [54] | KP54 | 4 healthy women | sc infusion 0.1, 0.3 or 1.0 nmol/kg/h for 8 h | 4.6 | Around 5, 10, 10 |
(Skorupskaite et al. 2016) [55] | KP10 | 20 healthy women | iv infusion 4 μg/kg/h for 7 h | 4.8-5.6 | 21.6 |
(Skorupskaite et al. 2018) [56] | KP10 | Postmenopausal women (n=11) | iv bolus 0.3 μg/kg | Unclear | No increase |
(Chan et al. 2012) [57] | KP10 | 10 women in early follicular phase, 3 in preovulatory phase, and 14 in midluteal phase | iv bolus 0.24 nmol/kg |
follicular phase: 2.9 preovulatory phase: 34.7 midluteal phase: 3.4 |
follicular phase: 3.8 preovulatory phase: 61.3 midluteal phase: 7.1 |
(George, Anderson, and Millar 2012) [58] | KP10 | 10 women in early follicular phase, 6 post-menopausal, 4 with progestogen implants, 4 with COCP | iv bolus 0.3 μg/kg | follicular phase: 6.3, post-menopausal: 35.3, progestogen implants: 4.6, CPCP: 2.3 | follicular phase: 9.4, post-menopausal: 44.7, progestogen implants: 7.5, CPCP: 3.7 |
(Jayasena, Abbara, Comninos, et al. 2014) [59] | KP54 | 53 women undergoing IVF (preovulatory phase) | sc bolus 1.6 nmol/kg, 3.2 nmol/kg, 6.4 nmol/kg, 12.8 nmol/kg | 0.8, 1.4, 1.3, 1.3 | 6.6, 3.8, 7.9, 8.8 |
(Abbara et al. 2017) [60] | KP54 | 62 women at high risk of OHSS (preovulatory phase) |
sc bolus 9.6 nmol/kg second sc bolus 9.6 nmol/kg 10 h later |
Around 2 Around 20 |
Around 50 Around 24 |
(Romero-Ruiz et al. 2019) [61] | KP54 | 12 women with PCOS | sc 9.6 nmol/kg twice daily for 21 days | 10.8 | 7-day after completion of treatments: 13.4 |
(Skorupskaite et al. 2020) [62] | KP10 | 10 women with PCOS | iv infusion 4 μg/kg/h for 7 h | 5.2 | 7.8 |
(Jayasena et al. 2009) [63] | KP54 | 10 women with HA | sc 6.4 nmol/kg twice daily for two weeks | 2.6 |
24.0 at 4 h Increase: 2.5 on day 14 |
(Jayasena et al. 2010) [64] | KP54 | 20 women with HA |
sc 6.4 nmol/kg twice daily for two weeks sc 6.4 nmol/kg twice weekly for eight weeks |
2.5 1.8 |
23.3 at 6 h; 3.5 on day 14 1.9 after eight weeks |
(Jayasena, Abbara, Veldhuis, et al. 2014) [65] | KP54 | 5 women with HA | iv infusion 1.00 nmol/kg/h for 8 h | 1.3 | 15.4 |
(Millar et al. 2017) [66] | KP10 | 2 women with HA | iv infusion 1.5 μg/kg/h for 12 h |
Patient 1: 5.3 Patient 2: 1.2 |
Patient 1: 25.4 Patient 2: 5.2 |
(Abbara et al. 2020) [67] |
KP54 TAK-448 |
9 healthy women, 6 women with PCOS and 6 with HA | TAK-448 (doses 0.01 and 0.03 nmol/kg), KP54 (9.6 nmol/kg) |
Healthy: 3.7 PCOS: 4.4 HA: 2.9 |
Amplitude of LH: similar after KP54 and MVT-602 Timing of peak LH: much later after MVT-602 |
Abbreviations: IVF in vitro fertilization, OHSS Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome, HA hypothalamic amenorrhea, PC prostate cancer, PCOS polycystic ovary syndrome, TSH thyroid-stimulating hormone, sc subcutaneous, iv intravenous, COCP combined oral contraceptive pills.