. 2022 May 23;22:573. doi: 10.1186/s12885-022-09463-x

Table 1.

Diagnostic performance of RNAs in extracellular vesicles for pancreatic cancer

Study	Country	study design	Cases vs Controls			Specimen	Stage	Status Controls	Detection Method	markers	SEN%	SPE%	AUC	P Value
			Number	Age	Male (%)
										miRNA
Xu, 2017 [46]	USA	Case–control	15/15	67/48	53/27	Plasma	I-IIA	HC	qPCR	miR-196a	87^e	73^e	0.81	< 0.001
										miR-1246	67^e	80^e	0.73	0.019
										miR-196b	67^e	80^e	0.71	0.033
Lai, 2017 [45]	USA	Case–control	29/6	67/NA	52/NA	Plasma	I-IV	HC	qPCR	miR-10b	100	100	1.00	< 0.001
										miR-21	100	100	1.00	< 0.001
										miR-30c	100	100	1.00	< 0.001
										miR-106b	62	100	0.85	0.007*
										miR-20a	83	100	0.95	< 0.001
										miR-181a	100	100	1.00	< 0.001
										miR-let7a	100	100	1.00	< 0.001
										miR-122	93	100	0.99	< 0.001
Goto, 2018 [84]	Japan	Case–control	32/22	64/58	53/64	Serum	I-IV	HC	qPCR	miR-191	72	84	0.79	0.001
										miR-21	81	81	0.83	< 0.001
										miR-451a	66	86	0.76	0.002
			9/22	NA/58	NA/64	Serum	I-IIA	HC	qPCR	miR-191	67	84	0.75	0.032
										miR-21	67	81	0.74	0.004
										miR-451a	67	86	0.74	0.044
			23/22	NA/58	NA/64	Serum	IIB-IV	HC	qPCR	miR-191	79	79	0.80	0.001
										miR-21	86	81	0.86	< 0.001
										miR-451a	70	81	0.77	0.002
Zhou, 2020 [62]	China	Case–control	30/10	60/58	/	Plasma	I-IV	NC^b	3D mircrofluidic chip	miR-451a	81^e	100^e	0.93	/
										miR-21	87^e	100^e	0.94	/
										miR-10b	79^e	99^e	0.88	/
										miRNA
Reese, 2020 [31]	Germany	Case–control	56/22	NA/68	64/50	Serum	II-IV	HC	qPCR	miR-200b	67^e	76^e	0.79	0.0001
			56/22	NA/68	64/50	Serum	II-IV	HC	qPCR	miR-200c	51^e	90^e	0.67	0.0239
			56/11	NA/62	64/55	Serum	II-IV	CP	qPCR	miR-200b	63^e	86^e	0.77	0.0047
			56/33		64/52	Serum	II-IV	NC^c	qPCR	miR-200b	85^e	63^e	0.77	0.005
			56/22	NA/68	64/50		II-IV	HC	qPCR	miR-200b	63^e	68^e	0.69	0.0077
Wu, 2020 [61]	China	Case–control	30/10	62/51	60/80	serum	0-IV	CP	qPCR	miR-21	80	90	0.87	/
Wu, 2020 [61]	China	Case–control	30/10	62/51	60/80	serum	0-IV	CP	qPCR	miR-210	83	90	0.82	/
Pu, 2020 [25]	China	Case–control	36/65	/	/	Plasma	I-IV	HC	cationic lipoplex nanoparticle	miR-21	53^e	98^e	0.72	0.0003
Pu, 2020 [25]	China	Case–control	36/65	/	/	Plasma	I-IV	HC	cationic lipoplex nanoparticle	miR-10b	42^e	100^e	0.65	0.0105
Flammang, 2020 [59]^a	Germany	Case–control	44/12	/	/	serum	II-IV	HC	qPCR	miR-192-5p	64^e	99^e	0.83	0.0004
Wang, 2021 [64]	China	Case–control	17/12	/	/	serum	/	PBT	qPCR	miRNA-1226-3p	75^e	66^e	0.74 /
Xiao, 2021 [70]	China	Case–control	10/10	/	/	Plasma		HC	PNA-functionalized nanochannel sensor	miR-10b	/	/	0.99	/
Shao, 2021 [74]	China	Case–control	63/22	60/50	56/41	serum	I-IV	HC	qPCR	miR-483-3p	82^e	56^e	0.69	/
Wang L, 2021 [72]	China	Case–control	62/53	/	/	plasma		HC	qPCR	miR-19b-3p	85	91	0.94	< 0.001
			62/23	/	/			CP			81	87	0.90	< 0.001
			62/30	/	/			OPT			94	63	0.81	< 0.001
Chen, 2022 [68]	China	Case–control	191/90	62/57	57/52	serum	I-IV		HC PBD	miR-451a	80	87	0.90	/
			191/95	62/59	57/58						71	89	0.86	/
			191/95	62/59	57/58					LncRNA
Takahashi, 2019 [80]	Japan	Case–control	20/43	72/71	40/42	Serum	II-IV	NC^d	dPCR	HULC	80	92	0.92	/
			20/21	72/72	40/36	Serum	II-IV	HC	dPCR	HULC	80	95	0.94	/
			20/22	72/70	40/48	Serum	II-IV	IPMN	dPCR	HULC	85	83	0.91	/
Guo, 2021 [78]^a	China	Case–control	27/15	58/44	63/60	plasma	IB-IV	CP	small RNA sequencing	miR-95-3p	92^e	94^e	0.91
										miR-199b-3p	/	/	0.90
										miR-3158-3p	/	/	0.90
										miR-199a-3p	/	/	0.89
										miR-4732-3p	/	/	0.88
										miR-10a-5p	/	/	0.88
										miR-145-3p	/	/	0.87
										miR-27b-3p	/	/	0.86
										miR-511-5p	/	/	0.86
										miR-7706	/	/	0.85
										miR-99b-5p	/	/	0.85
										miR-143-3p	/	/	0.83
										miR-486-3p	/	/	0.83
										miR-99a-5p	/	/	0.83
										miR-223-3p	/	/	0.82
										mRNA
Hu, 2017 [44]^a	China	Case-control^d	20/15	/	/	Serum	I-IV	HC	LPHN-CHDC biochip	GPC1 mRNA	95	93	0.94	/
Hu, 2017 [44]^a	China	Case-control^d	20/15	/	/	Serum	I-IV	HC	LPHN-CHDC biochip	snoRNA
Kitagawa, 2019 [53]^a	Japan	Case–control	27/13	/	63/31	Serum	I-III	BGD	qPCR	SNORA14B	93^e	69^e	0.88	/
										SNORA18	81^e	84^e	0.88	/
										SNORA25	92^e	76^e	0.90	/
										SNORA74A	92^e	84^e	0.91	/
										SNORD22	70^e	93^e	0.86	/
										snoRNA
Kitagawa, 2019 [53]	Japan	Case–control	27/13	/	63/31	Serum	I-III	BGD	qPCR	CCDC88A	55^e	92^e	0.72	/
										ARF6	85^e	92^e	0.94	/
										Vav3	74^e	85^e	0.84	/
										WASF2	93^e	84^e	0.94	/
			8/13	/	NA/31	Serum	I-IIA	BGD	qPCR	SNORA14B	/	/	0.86	/
										SNORA18	/	/	0.91	/
										SNORA25	100^e	78^e	0.91	/
										SNORA74A	100^e	84^e	0.95	/
										SNORD22	/	/	0.97	/
										CCDC88A	/	/	0.73	/
										ARF6	100^e	92^e	0.98	/
										Vav3	/	/	0.89	/
										WASF2	100^e	84^e	0.97	/
			19/13	/	NA/31	Serum	IIB-III	BGD	qPCR	SNORA14B	/	/	0.88	/
										SNORA18	/	/	0.88	/
										SNORA25	93^e	77^e	0.90	/
										SNORA74A	93^e	85^e	0.91	/
										SNORD22	/	/	0.86	/
										CCDC88A	/	/	0.72	/
										ARF6	85^e	92^e	0.94	/
										Vav3	/	/	0.84	/
										WASF2	93^e	84^e	0.94	/

SENs, SPEs and AUCs in bold fonts represent results from validation set (non-bold fonts represent results without validation)

AUC area under the curve, BGD benign gastrointestinal disease, CP chronic pancreatitis, HC healthy control, IPMN intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, LPHN-CHDC lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticle-catalyzed hairpin DNA circuit, NC noncancerous, PBT pancretian benign tumor, SEN sensitivity, SPE specificity, OPT other pancreatic tumor (pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, solid pseudopapillary tumor, serous or mucinous cystadenomas, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, and epithelial cysts), PBD pancreatic benign disease, PNA peptide nucleic acid, OPT pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, solid pseudopapillary tumor, serous or mucinous cystadenomas, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, and epithelial cysts

^arepresent markers extracted from extracellular vesicles

^bno history of cancer

^cHC and CP

^dHC and IPMN

^erepresent estimated value

p value indicates p value of AUC