Docetaxel selectively enhanced the activity of CMV promoter but not of PSES enhancer. The enhancement was decreased by inhibition of p38 MAPK. DNA plasmids were transfected into CWR22rv and C4-2 cells by Lipofectamin 2000. 24 hours after transfection, the cells were treated with DMSO or 10 nM docetaxel together with 10 uM of p38 MAPK inhibitor SB205438, JNK inhibitor SP800125 or NF-κB inhibitor Bay-11-7082. Transgene expression was analyzed 24 hours later. A. Two DNA plasmids including CMV promoter-controlled EGFP or PSES enhancer-controlled EGFP expression cassettes were transfected into cells, and the green fluorescent cells were determined by flow cytometry. B, Two DNA plasmids including CMV promoter-controlled luciferase or PSES enhancer-controlled luciferase expression cassettes were transfected into cells. The luciferase activity was determined 24 hours later with a luminometer. *P<0.01, ΔP> 0.05. C. Docetaxel enhanced CMV promoter activity by activating p38 MAPK. CWR22rv cells were treated with 5nM and 10 nM docetaxel, or 10 nM docetaxel plus 10 uM SB203580. The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was detected by Western blotting. The immunblotting for β-actin confirms equal protein loading.