Table 3.
Flavonoids (34-53) and isoflavonoids and derivates (54-60) with antivenom properties.
| N° | Compound | Plant | Activity inhibited | Venom or toxin | Snake | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 34 | hesperetin | Citrus sinensisP | enzimatic | SVSP | C. simus | (118, 165) |
| 35 | pinostrobin | Renealmia alpiniaL | enzimatic, myotoxicity, proteolytic, hemolytic, coagulant | Venom, PLA2 | C. d. cumanensis, B. asper | (104) |
| 36 | hesperidin | C. sinensis | enzimatic, hemorrhagic, lethality | Venom, HAase | C. adamenteus | (103) |
| 37 | apigenin | - | enzimatic, hemorrhagic, lethality | Venom, HAase | C. adamenteus, C. atrox, N. n. sputatrix | (119, 120, 164) |
| 38 | luteolin | - | enzimatic, hemorrhagic, lethality | Venom, HAase | C. adamenteus, C. atrox, N. n. sputatrix | (119) |
| 39 | pectolinarigenin | A. integrifoliaL | enzimatic | PLA2, HAase | B. atrox | (166) |
| 40 | hispidulin | A. integrifoliaL | enzimatic | PLA2, HAase | B. atrox | (166) |
| 41 | morelloflavone | Garcinia madrunoA | enzimatic, coagulant, myotoxicity, edematogenous | PLA2 | C. d. cumanensis | (167) |
| 42 | quercetin | Phyllanthus klotzschianusA, Morus nigraL, Erythroxylum ovalifoliumL, E. subsessileS | enzimatic, edematogenous, proteolytic, lethality | Venom, HAase | B. jararacussu, Lachesis muta, B. jararaca, N. naja | (104, 117, 168, 171) |
| 43 | kaempferol | - | enzimatic, hemorrhagic, lethality | Venom, HAase | C. adamanteus, C. atrox, N. n. sputatrix | (119, 120) |
| 44 | fisetin | - | enzimatic | PLA2 | C. atrox | (164) |
| 45 | myricetin | - | enzimatic, proteolytic, hemorrhagic | Venom, PLA2 | C. atrox, B. atrox | (164, 172) |
| 46 | quercitrin | - | enzimatic | PLA2 | C. atrox | (164) |
| 47 | quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside | Euphorbia hirtaWP | enzimatic, hemolytic, lethality, edematogenous | Venom, PLA2, HAase | N. naja | (173) |
| 48 | rutin | E. ovalifoliumS, E. subsessileS | hemorrhagic | Venom | L. muta | (164, 168) |
| 49 | taxifolin | - | enzimatic | PLA2 | C. atrox | (164) |
| 50 | catechin | Scolopia chinensisS | enzimatic | PDE-I | - | (110) |
| 51 | gallocatechin | Schizolobium parahybaL | hemorrhagic, fibrogenolytic, myotoxicity | Venom, SVMP, PLA2 | B. jararacussu, B. neuwiedi, B. alternatus | (93) |
| 52 | epigallotechin gallate | - | enzimatic, cytotoxicity | PLA2 | C. d. cumanensis | (162) |
| 53 | butein | Butea monosperma | enzimatic | Daboxina (PLA2) | D. russelii | (174) |
| 54 | harpalycin 2 | Harpalyce brasilianaL | enzimatic, edematogenous, myotoxicity | Venom, PLA2, PrTX-III | B. pirajai | (95, 96) |
| 55 | 7,8,3’-trihydroxy-4’-methoxyisoflavone | Dipteryx alataS | myotoxicity, neuromuscular | Venom, BthTX-I | B. jararacussu | (98) |
| 56 | edunol | Brongniartia podalyrioidesR, H. brasilianaR | morthality, myotoxicity, proteolytic, enzimatic | Venom, PLA2 | B. atrox, B. jararacussu | (99, 102) |
| 56a | bioisostere | H. brasilianaSS | myotoxicity | Venom | B. jararacussu | (99) |
| 57 | cabenegrins A-I | Annona crassifloraR | lethality | Venom | B. atrox | (176) |
| 58 | cabenegrins A-II | A. crassifloraR | lethality | Venom | B. atrox | (176) |
| 59 | wedelolactone | Eclipta prostrateSY | proteolytic, myotoxicity | Venom, PLA2 | B. jararacussu | (66) |
| 59a | analogue of wedelolactone | E. prostrateSY | myotoxicity | Venom | B. jararacussu | (66) |
| 60 | demethylwedelolactone | E. albaR | myotoxicity | PLA2 | C. d. terrificus, B. jararacussu | (177) |
L, leaves; R, roots; S, stem; SS, semi-synthetic; A, aerial; P, peels; SY, synthesis. Hyaluronidase, HAase; Phosphodiesterase I, PDE-I; Phospholipase A2, PLA2; Metalloproteinase, SVMP; Serine protease, SVSP.