Table 5.
Terpenes (73-97) with antivenom properties.
| N° | Compound | Plant | Activity inhibited | Venom or toxin | Snake | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 73 | ar-turmerone | Curcuma longaR | hemorrhagic, lethality, edematogenous, necrosis | Venom | D. r. puchella, B. jararaca, C. d. terrificus | (108, 137) |
| 74 | (E)-17-ethyliden-labd-12-ene-15,16-dial (labdane dialdehyde) | C. zedoaroidesRZ | lethality | Venom | B. asper and B. atrox | (106) |
| 75 | labdane lactone | C. antinaiaRZ, C. contravenenumRZ, C. zedoaroidesRZ | lethality | Venom | O. hannah | (105) |
| 76 | labdane trialdehyde | C. antinaiaRZ, C. contravenenumRZ, C. zedoaroidesRZ | diaphragmatic, neurotoxic | Venom | O. hannah | (105) |
| 77 | neo-clerodane | B. trimeraA | hemorrhagic | Venom, SVMP | O. hannah | (114) |
| 78 | lupeol acetate | H. indicusR | lethality, hemorrhagic, desfibrogenation, edematogenous, enzymatic, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity | Venom, PLA2 | B. neuwiedi, B. jararacussu | (155) |
| 79 | 11-deoxoglycyrrhetinic acid | Clematis gourianaR | enzimatic | PLA2 | D. russelii, N. kaouthia | (135) |
| 80 | SID 249494135 | C. gourianaR | enzimatic | PLA2 | D. russelii, N. kaouthia | (135) |
| 81 | oleanolic acid | B. uncinellaA | enzimatic, proteolytic, hemorrhagic, edematogenous | PLA2, SVMP | D. russelii, N. naja, B. atrox, C. d.terrificus | (112, 172, 181) |
| 82 | betulinic acid | - | proteolytic | Venom | B. atrox | (172) |
| 83 | ursolic acid | B. uncinellaA | proteolytic, enzimatic, edematogenous | Venom, PLA2 | B. atrox, C. d. terrificus | (112, 172) |
| 84 | quinovic acid | Mitragyna stipulosaB | enzimatic | PDE-I | - | (183) |
| 85 | quinovin glycoside C | M. stipulosaB | enzimatic | PDE-I | - | (183) |
| 86 | arjunolic acid | Combretum leprosumR | lethality, hemorrhagic, myotoxicity | Venom | B. jararacussu, B. jararaca | (139) |
| 87 | friedelin | E. ovalifoliumS | hemorrhagic | Venom | L. muta | (168) |
| 88 | lupeol | E. subsessileS | proteolytic, hemolytic, hemorrhagic | Venom | L. muta | (168) |
| 89 | betulin | Dipteryx alataB | neuromuscular blocked | Venom | B. jararacussu | (97) |
| 90 | lupenone | D. alataB | neuromuscular blocked | Venom | B. jararacussu | (97) |
| 91 | 28-OH-lupenona | D. alataB | neuromuscular blocked | Venom | B. jararacussu | (97) |
| 92 | β-amyrin | Apuleia leiocarpa | lethality | Venom | B. jararaca | (103) |
| 93 | ikshusterol 3-O-glucoside | C. gourianaR | enzimatic | Venom, PLA2 | N. naja | (136) |
| 94 | β-sitosterol | Pluchea indicaR | lethality, hemorrhagic, defibrogenation, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, edematogenous, enzimatic | Venom, PLA2 | D. russelii, N. kaouthia | (113) |
| 95 | stigmasterol | P. indicaR | lethality, hemorrhagic, defibrogenation, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, edematogenous, enzimatic | Venom, PLA2 | D. russelii, N. kaouthia | (113) |
| 96 | corticosterone | - | enzimatic | PLA2 | D. russelii | (156) |
| 97 | bakuchiol | Psoralea corylifolia | enzimatic, coagulant | Daboxin (PLA2) | D. russelii | (174) |
R, roots; S, stem; SS, semi-synthetic; P, purchased (synthetic); A, aerial; B, bark; RZ, rhizomes. Phosphodiesterase I: PDE-I; Phospholipase A2: PLA2; Metalloproteinase: SVMP.