Table 1.
Effects of nano-minerals on growth performance and productivity of different animal species (available literature from the last 10 years).
| Type of NPs | Dose and (size of NPs) | Animals and age | Effects and health benefits | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZnNPs | 30, 50, 70 and 90 mg/kg (<50 nm) |
Broiler chicken (1–42 days old) | Improvement of performance, carcass characteristics, humoral immunity, meat quality and Zn content in meat for 70 mg/kg | Eskandani et al. (2021) |
| ZnNPs | 45, 90, 135 and 180 mg/kg | Broilers (1–42 days old) |
Up to 90 mg ZnNPs/kg – a positive effect on performance, antioxidant activity | Hidayat et al. (2021) |
| ZnNPs | 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 g/kg | Growing Japanese quails | Doses of 0.1–0.3 g/kg increased ALT, AST, LDH, SOD, GPX, MDA, IgG and IgM activities; a significant increase in growth for 0.2 g/kg of ZnNPs | Reda et al. (2021) |
| ZnONPs | 60 and 30 mg/kg (30 nm) |
Laying hens (55–56 weeks old) | Improved egg production, phagocytic activity and index, serum SOD and GSH-Px activities | El-Katcha et al. (2018) |
| ZnONPs | 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg (35–45 nm) |
Laying hens (42–54 weeks old) | Negative impact on eggshell thickness and bone mechanical properties | Olgun and Yildiz (2017) |
| ZnONPs | 40 mg/kg (27 nm) |
Broiler chickens (1–42 days old) |
Improved the overall performance, Zn content in blood | Badawi et al. (2017) |
| Nano-Zn | 20, 40, 60 and 80 µg/egg (< 100 nm) |
Broiler chickens in ovo (18th day of incubation) |
No deleterious effect on the developing embryo and percentage of hatchability | Joshua et al. (2016) |
| ZnONPs | 40 mg/kg (39.2–41.3 nm) | Broiler chickens (1–35 days old) |
Improved performance (body weight gain, feed efficiency) and gut health (villus height and crypt depth) | Hafez et al. (2017) |
| ZnONPs | 50 mg/kg (27 nm) |
Broiler chickens (1–42 days old) |
Increased SOD activity and decreased MDA; increased content of Fe and Cu in the hepatic tissue and content of Zn in the tibia; positive effect on mRNA expression of insulin like growth factor-1 and growth hormone genes | Ibrahim et al. (2017) |
| ZnONPs | 40 and 80 mg/kg (19.3 nm) |
Broiler chickens (1–35 days old) |
Improved gut health by increasing villus height, and villus surface area of broiler small intestine | Ali et al. (2017) |
| Nano-Zn | 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg | Giriraja chickens (1–56 days old) |
Improved growth rate, increase in body weight, feed consumption ratio as compared to zinc sulfate for 60 mg/kg | Pathak et al. (2016) |
| Nano-Zn | 40, 60 and 80 mg/kg | Broiler chickens (1–42 days old) |
Improved performance – body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio and immune response under heat stress conditions especially for 80 mg/kg as compared to zinc sulfate | Sagar et al. (2018) |
| ZnONPs/egg | 0.04 and 0.08 mg (< 100 nm) |
Broiler chickens in ovo (18th day of incubation) |
No effect on performance parameters; no effect on immune response; reduction in percentage of hatchability | Jose et al. (2018) |
| ZnONPs | 100 and 200 mg/kg | Broiler chickens (1–21 days old) |
Increased carcasses yield; increased weight of lymphoid and digestive organs during the starter stage | Mohammadi et al. (2015) |
| Nano-Zn | 0.3, 0.06 and 0.03 mg/kg | Broiler chickens (1–42 days old) |
Improved health (immunity) status and increase in Zn concentration in tibia bone, liver, and blood serum for 0.06 mg/kg | Sahoo et al. (2014) |
| ZnONPs | 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg/kg (40 nm) |
Broiler chickens (1–21 days old) |
Improved antioxidant parameters and serum enzymes activity during the starter period | Ahmadi et al. (2014) |
| ZnONPs | 500, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg/kg | Piglets | Anti-diarrhoea effect, improved growth when compared with ordinary-size ZnO (3000 mg/kg) | Ouyang et al. (2021) |
| ZnONPs | 150 mg/kg | Piglets’ pre-starter (28–47 day of life) and starter (48–74 day of life) | The low level of ZnONPs (150 mg/kg) can exhibit a similar antidiarrheal action as high therapeutic doses of ZnO (from 1000 to 4000 mg/kg) | Szuba-Trznadel et al. (2021) |
| ZnONPs | 20, 40, or 60 mg/kg | Broiler chickens (Ross 308) | Improved broiler chicken growth, nutritional digestibility, carcass criteria, and liver and kidney functions under heated climatic circumstances for all ZnONPs doses | Abdel-Wareth et al. (2022) |
| Nano-Ag | 4, 8 and 12 mg/L of drinking water | Broiler chickens | Negative effect of nano-Ag a on body weight, feed intake, feed conversion rate when compared with the control group | Ahmadi and Rahimi (2011) |
| AgNPs | 0.5 and 1.0 mg AgNPs/kg body weight | Rabbits | Reduced total cholesterol and triglycerides in plasma when compared to the control group; the highest concentration of GPX and MDA for AgNPs | Abdelsalam et al. (2019) |
| CuNPs | 0.3 mL of 50 mg/L of drinking water | Broiler chickens in ovo | A positive effect on broiler chickens’ performance (e.g., body weight) as compared to the control group | Mroczek-Sosnowska et al. (2015b) |
| CuNPs | 10 mg/L of drinking water (< 100 nm) | Broiler chickens | Improved immunity, behavior and growth performance more efficiently than CuSO4 | El-kazaz and Hafez (2020) |
| CuNPs | 50 mg/kg (2–15 nm) |
Chicken embryo injection (1st day of incubation) |
Improved metabolic rate and no harmful effect on embryo development | Scott et al. (2016) |
| Nano-Cu | 5, 10 and 15 mg/L of drinking water (5 nm) | Broiler chickens (1–7 weeks old) |
Increased content of Cu in the blood; decreased absorption of Zn and Ca; No effect on Fe absorption | Ognik et al. (2016b) |
| Nano-Cu | 50 mg/kg (15–70 nm) |
Chicken embryo (1st day of incubation) |
Positive effect on chicken growth performance and improved percentage of breast and leg muscles | Mroczek-Sosnowska et al. (2015a) |
| CuNPs | 50 mg/kg | Broiler chickens injection (1st day of incubation) |
Increased accumulation of Cu in the liver and spleen organs | Mroczek-Sosnowska et al. (2014) |
| Nano-Cu | 100 mg/kg | Broiler chickens (1–32 days old) |
No effect on the growth performance and digestibility of nutrients | Sarvestani et al. (2016) |
| Nano-Cu | 50 mg/kg (37.3 nm) | Chicken embryo injection (1st day of incubation) |
Pro-angiogenic properties at a systemic level to a greater degree than inorganic form of copper (CuSO4) | Mroczek-Sosnowska et al. (2015b) |
| AuNPs | 5 and 15 mg/L of drinking water | Cobb broiler chickens | A positive effect of lower NPs dose on growth performance without any significant difference in immunological parameters and oxidative stress damage in organs (spleen, liver, bursa of fabricius, thymus) as compared to control | Hassanen et al. (2020) |
| Nano-Se | 0.3 mg/kg (50–100 nm) | Laying hens (9–20 weeks old) | Increase immunization cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) response | Mohapatra et al. (2014a) |
| SeNPs | 0.075, 0.1125. 0.1875 and 0.225 mg/kg (30–60 nm) | Broiler chickens (1–35 days old) |
Improved SOD and GSH-Px activity in the serum; improved the oxidation resistance; decreased MDA level | Aparna and Karunakaran (2016) |
| Nano-Se | 0.075, 0.1125, 0.1875 and 0.225 mg/kg (30–60 nm) | Broiler chickens (1–5 weeks old) |
Improved the oxidation resistance with Nano-Se supplementation; increased the expression of liver GSHP × 1 mRNA gene | Aparna et al. (2017) |
| Nano-Se | 0.5 mg/kg (20–80 nm) | Broiler chickens (1–7 weeks old) |
Improved immunity and total antioxidant activity of serum with 0.5 mg/kg nano-Se | Bagheri et al. (2015) |
| Nano-Se | 0.15 and 0.30 mg/kg (feed or drinking water) (80 nm) | Broiler chickens (400 days old) |
Significant improvement of growth performance and Se content in liver and thigh tissues with increasing nano-Se dose | Selim et al. (2015a) |
| Nano-Se | 0.15 and 0.30 mg/kg (80 nm) | Broiler chickens (1–40 days old) |
Better growth rate, feed efficiency and meat quality | Selim et al. (2015b) |
| Nano-Se | 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mg/kg | Broiler chickens (1–7 weeks old) |
Improved growth performance, carcass parts and immunity; improved anti-ND hemagglutination inhibition titer | Ahmadi et al. (2018) |
| Nano-Se | 0.15, 0.30, 0.60 and 1.20 mg/kg | Broiler chickens (1 day old) |
Improved growth performance, a plateau for gain/feed and survival ratio for 0.15–1.20 mg/kg of nano-Se, increase with nano-Se dose increase; increase in Se concentrations in serum, liver and breast muscle (higher for Nano-Se than for sodium selenite); increased serum GSH-Px activity | Hu et al. (2012) |
| Nano-Se | 50, 150 and 300 ppb | Giriraja chickens (1–56 days old) |
Increased water holding capacity of meat; no impact on carcass characteristics and production parameters | Prasoon et al. (2018) |
| Nano-Se | 0.10 mg/kg | Lambs | Reduced the oxidative stress; enhanced the activity of blood glutathione peroxidase; increased the lambs weight gain; no effects on Cu, Zn and Fe levels in blood |
Yaghmaie et al. (2017) |
| Nano-Se | 0.3 mg/kg | Goats | Improved growth performance (finial body weight (BW) and average daily gain); improved serum oxidant status (GSH-Px, SOD, CAT activity); increase in Se concentration in blood and tissues for nano-Se as compared to sodium selenite | Shi et al. (2011b) |
| Nano-Zn, Nano-Cu, Nano-Se | 4, 8, 12 and 16 µg/egg (< 100 nm) |
Broiler chickens in ovo injection (18th day of incubation) | No harmful effects on the developing embryo and hatchability percentage | Joshua et al. (2016) |
| Calcium phosphate NPs (CPNPs) | 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100% (20–90 nm) | Broiler chickens (1–28 days old) |
Increase in cumulative feed intake for NPs groups as compared with dicalcium phosphate (100%); higher body weight gain for 50 and 60% of NPs; best feed conversion ratio for 50% NPs | Vijayakumar and Balakrishnan (2014) |
| Calcium phosphate NPs (CPNPs) | 25, 50, 75 and 100% of CPNPs (51-200 nm) with or without dicalcium phosphate (DCP) |
Broiler chicks | CPNPs with 50% level increased body weight gain without altering feed conversion ratio, biochemical parameters, and carcass characteristics similarly to the 100% DCP | Samanta et al. (2019) |
| Nano-Cr | 200 and 400 µg/kg | Babcock layer chickens | No effect on growth performance, egg production and egg weight; except Cu, significant increase in the retention of Cr, Zn, Fe, Ca and P; nano-Cr (400 µg/kg) increased the concentration of minerals in some organs such as in plasma (Cr and Zn), liver and egg shell (Cr, Ca and Zn), and Zn in egg yolk | Sathyabama and Jagadeeswaran (2016) |