Table 9.
Relative and absolute reliability of steps, walking, and sedentary time assessed with ActivPAL3™, SENS motion®, and direct observations in patients following acute high-risk abdominal surgery (N = 11).
| Comparison | Mean (SD) of both assessments (sec) | Mean (SD) difference (sec) | p value for difference | ICC2.1 (95% CI) | SEM (SEM%) | MDC95 (MDC%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steps | ||||||
| ActivPAL vs. observed | 197.5 (80.2) | -88.1 (52.3) | <0.001 | 0.529 (-0.105-0.868) | 55.0 (28) | 152.5 (77) |
| SENS vs. observed | 206.9 (75.3) | -69.4 (32.3) | <0.001 | 0.653 (-0.075-0.920) | 44.4 (21) | 123.0 (59) |
| ActivPAL vs. SENS | 162.8 (87.5) | -18.7 (33.2) | 0.09 | 0.916 (0.699-0.977) | 25.4 (16) | 70.4 (43) |
| Walking time | ||||||
| ActivPAL vs. observed | 138.7 (38.1) | -64.2 (51.7) | 0.002 | 0.193 (-0.135-0.612) | 34.2 (25) | 94.8 (68) |
| SENS vs. observed | 158.9 (20.4) | -23.9 (18.0) | 0.001 | 0.435 (-0.121-0.812) | 15.3 (10) | 42.4 (27) |
| ActivPAL vs. SENS | 126.7 (34.9) | -40.4 (57.6) | 0.042 | 0.143 (-0.264-0.610) | 32.3 (25) | 89.5 (71) |
| Sedentary time | ||||||
| ActivPAL vs. observed | 195.9 (21.8) | -9.8 (13.8) | 0.040 | 0.760 (0.263-0.932) | 10.7 (5) | 29.7 (15) |
| SENS vs. observed | 196.5 (21.6) | -8.6 (9.4) | 0.012 | 0.853 (0.309-0.964) | 8.3 (4) | 22.2 (11) |
| ActivPAL vs. SENS | 191.6 (23.9) | -1.2 (14.7) | 0.8 | 0.840 (0.506-0.954) | 9.6 (5) | 26.6 (14) |
ICC: intraclass correlation coefficient; SEM: standard error of measurement (SD of mean [both assessments] × √1 − ICC); MDC: minimal detectable change (SEM × √2 × 1.96, SEM% = 100 × SEM/mean). SEM and MDC indicate measurement error (in sec) at group and individual levels, respectively. ActivPAL: ActivPAL3™ monitor; SENS: SENS motion®.