Table 3.

Conditions tested in ultrasound processing for modifying cereal starches.

Sample	Suspension concentration	Frequency	Device	Power	Amplitude	Time	T	Reference
	(g/100 ml)	(kHz)		(W)	(%)	(min)	(°C)
buckwheat			bath	450		30 (5/3 s on/off)		[150]
corn	5	20;25;20 + 25	bath	400		5–40	30	[158]
corn	5	20;25;20 + 25	bath	400		40	30	[141]
corn	30	40	bath	420–540		20–40	40–60	[146]
corn	30 (w/w)	40	bath	100		30	30	[152]
millet	5	40 + 80;80	bath	720			25;60	[142]
millet	10–30 (w/w)		bath	400		15–60		[154]
foxtail millet	30	40	bath			20		[155]
corn	30		probe	500		3–15 (15/5 s on/off)		[148]
corn	2	20	probe	400	100	15–105 (2/2 s on/off)	10	[143]
corn	5;10	20	probe	750		0.5–20		[144]
corn	40 (w/w)	20	probe	800		240 (3/3 s on/off)		[145]
corn	10–20	24	probe	150	50–100	5–15 (80% duty cycle)	25–65	[140]
corn	30	24	probe	400	80	1–16	20	[21]
corn	10 (w/w)	24	probe	100–400		15;30		[151]
corn, wheat, rice	30	20	probe	170		30	20	[19], [139]
waxy corn	30 (w/w)	15	probe	100;400		40	25	[147]
rice	30 (w/w)	22	probe	150–600		20 (5/5 s on/off)	25	[137]
rice	20	20	probe	750	100	30		[167]
non-waxy rice	5	24	probe	100–1000		up to 120	20–55	[156]
waxy rice	1;7	20	probe	600		60–2880		[149]
wheat flour	10	20	probe	750	50	120–1200 (3/1 s on/off)		[134]
wheat	10 (w/w)	30	probe	100	100	15;30 (80% duty cycle)		[138]
brown rice	whole grains	16		2000		30	25–55	[32]
waxy rice	5 (w/w)	211		2.5;4.1		up to 60	25–70	[161]