Table 5.

Comparative study populations.

Study	Population Studied
TWCC	Individuals referred to hematologists at TWCC, Salina, KS for workup of a new diagnosis of anemia between August 2015 and May 2019 (excluded, if prior diagnosis or treatment of non-hematologic malignancy).
Guralnik et al.5	Participants in Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III); older than 65 and anemic.
Price et al.6	Patients older than 65 and anemic referred between March 2006 and January 2010 to Stanford Hospital and Clinics and Veteran Affairs Palo Alto Health Care Systems outpatient hematology clinics; not institutionalized; ECOG performance ≥ 2; excluded, if had received any red cell transfusion or erythropoiesisstimulating agent within prior three months, had end-stage liver disease, were dialysis-dependent, had known diagnosis of hematologic malignancy, had predicted survival less than three months due to other comorbidities, or were unlikely to comply with protocol.
Artz and Thirman7	Patients older than 65 seen in anemia referral clinic from January 2005 – June 2009 at University of Chicago Hematology Clinic; excluded for erythropoietin-stimulating agent hyporesponsiveness, known hematologic malignancy, or cancer chemotherapy or radiation therapy completed within prior six months.
Ania et al.8	Individuals in Olmstead County, Minnesota older than 65 years old with newly recognized cases of anemia during 1986.