Table 2.
Healthcare resource utilisation by type in the 12 months post-index
| n (%) unless stated otherwise | Moderate to severe OA pain n = 3123 |
Matched controls n = 3123 |
STD and p value | Severe OA pain n = 1922 |
Matched controls n = 1922 |
STD and p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GP encounters | ||||||
| All types | ||||||
| Mean per patient (SD) | 5.33 (5.94) | 3.42 (4.61) | STD 0.360, p < 0.001 | 6.11 (6.48) | 3.53 (4.81) | STD 0.453, p < 0.001 |
| ≥ 1 | 2858 (91.5) | 2373 (76.0) | – | 1812 (94.3) | 1466 (76.3) | – |
| Face-to-face practice appointments | ||||||
| Mean per patient (SD) | 3.61 (4.13) | 2.04 (2.85) | STD 0.444, p < 0.001 | 3.97 (4.27) | 1.97 (2.64) | STD 0.563, p < 0.001 |
| ≥ 1 | 2670 (85.5) | 2064 (66.1) | – | 1706 (88.8) | 1261 (65.6) | – |
| Telephone consultations | ||||||
| Mean per patient (SD) | 1.52 (3.04) | 1.08 (2.22) | STD 0.163, p < 0.001 | 1.85 (3.36) | 1.20 (2.48) | STD 0.219, p < 0.001 |
| ≥ 1 | 1567 (50.2) | 1201 (38.5) | – | 1096 (57.0) | 780 (40.6) | – |
| Home visits | ||||||
| Mean per patient (SD) | 0.20 (1.24) | 0.29 (1.40) | STD 0.073, p = 0.004 | 0.29 (1.51) | 0.35 (1.60) | STD 0.036, p = 0.263 |
| ≥ 1 | 230 (7.4) | 272 (8.7) | – | 205 (10.7) | 181 (9.4) | – |
| Inpatient admissions | ||||||
| All types | ||||||
| Mean per patient (SD) | 0.74 (1.30) | 0.57 (4.40) | STD 0.051, p = 0.04 | 0.98 (1.49) | 0.60 (4.02) | STD 0.125, p < 0.001 |
| ≥ 1 | 1354 (43.4) | 649 (20.8) | – | 1024 (53.3) | 402 (20.9) | – |
| Mean days stay in those with ≥ 1 (SD) | 4.64 (10.61) | 10.28 (18.85) | STD 0.369, p < 0.001 | 5.69 (14.21) | 10.52 (19.08) | STD 0.288, p < 0.001 |
| Day cases | ||||||
| Mean per patient (SD) | 0.35 (0.97) | 0.19 (1.47) | STD 0.129, p < 0.00 | 0.41 (1.05) | 0.27 (1.91) | STD 0.095, p = 0.003 |
| ≥ 1 | 728 (23.3) | 273 (8.7) | – | 501 (26.1) | 174 (9.1) | – |
| Mean days stay in those with ≥ 1 (SD) | 1.52 (1.50) | 2.21 (4.50) | STD 0.208, p < 0.001 | 1.59 (1.53) | 2.96 (5.70) | STD 0.329, p < 0.001 |
| Elective | ||||||
| Mean per patient (SD) | 0.18 (0.43) | 0.03 (0.21) | STD 0.427, p < 0.001 | 0.28 (0.52) | 0.03 (0.21) | STD 0.628, p < 0.001 |
| ≥ 1 | 496 (15.9) | 84 (2.7) | – | 481 (25.0) | 55 (2.9) | – |
| Mean days stay in those with ≥ 1 (SD) | 3.58 (4.62) | 7.23 (12.72) | STD 0.381, p < 0.001 | 3.94 (4.62) | 7.73 (11.97) | STD 0.417, p < 0.001 |
| Non-elective | ||||||
| Mean per patient (SD) | 0.21 (0.64) | 0.23 (0.73) | STD 0.028, p = 0.277 | 0.29 (0.80) | 0.21 (0.66) | STD 0.104, p = 0.001 |
| ≥ 1 | 439 (14.1) | 413 (13.2) | – | 351 (18.3) | 258 (13.4) | – |
| Mean days stay in those with ≥ 1 (SD) | 7.74 (15.55) | 12.31 (17.31) | STD 0.278, p < 0.001 | 8.92 (22.11) | 12.08 (18.60) | STD 0.155, p = 0.06 |
| Outpatient visits | ||||||
| All types | ||||||
| Mean per patient (SD) | 11.19 (14.17) | 5.85 (18.68) | STD 0.322, p < 0.001 | 11.64 (15.71) | 5.49 (16.78) | STD 0.378, p < 0.001 |
| ≥ 1 | 3016 (96.6) | 1785 (57.2) | – | 1755 (91.3) | 1107 (57.6) | – |
| Cardiology | ||||||
| Mean per patient (SD) | 0.39 (1.17) | 0.29 (1.07) | STD 0.088, p < 0.001 | 0.38 (1.15) | 0.32 (1.22) | STD 0.048, p = 0.14 |
| ≥ 1 | 566 (18.1) | 392 (12.6) | – | 340 (17.7) | 256 (13.3) | – |
| Gastroenterology | ||||||
| Mean per patient (SD) | 0.13 (0.60) | 0.07 (0.34) | STD 0.139, p < 0.001 | 0.16 (0.64) | 0.09 (0.48) | STD 0.126, p < 0.001 |
| ≥ 1 | 229 (7.3) | 137 (4.4) | – | 162 (8.4) | 91 (4.7) | – |
| Orthopaedics | ||||||
| Mean per patient (SD) | 2.59 (2.57) | 0.13 (0.65) | STD 1.309, p < 0.001 | 2.11 (2.51) | 0.12 (0.61) | STD 1.090, p < 0.001 |
| ≥ 1 | 2391 (76.6) | 188 (6.0) | – | 1198 (62.3) | 109 (5.7) | – |
| Physiotherapy | ||||||
| Mean per patient (SD) | 1.38 (2.87) | 0.15 (0.88) | STD 0.576, p < 0.001 | 1.52 (3.06) | 0.13 (0.73) | STD 0.621, p < 0.001 |
| ≥ 1 | 987 (31.6) | 143 (4.6) | – | 612 (31.8) | 88 (4.6) | – |
| Psychotherapy | ||||||
| Mean per patient (SD) | 0.04 (0.70) | 0.04 (0.68) | STD 0.01, p = 0.688 | 0.05 (0.72) | 0.02 (0.35) | STD 0.048, p = 0.133 |
| ≥ 1 | 17 (0.5) | 18 (0.6) | – | 15 (0.8) | 12 (0.6) | – |
| Rheumatology | ||||||
| Mean per patient (SD) | 0.59 (1.91) | 0.06 (0.43) | STD 0.382, p < 0.001 | 0.44 (1.67) | 0.06 (0.49) | STD 0.311, p < 0.001 |
| ≥ 1 | 594 (19.0) | 100 (3.2) | – | 300 (15.6) | 55 (2.9) | – |
| Specialist pain management clinics | ||||||
| Mean per patient (SD) | 0.26 (0.99) | 0.01 (0.19) | STD 0.355, p < 0.001 | 0.25 (0.93) | 0.02 (0.26) | STD 0.335, p < 0.001 |
| ≥ 1 | 319 (10.2) | 18 (0.6) | – | 201 (10.5) | 19 (1.0) | – |
| A&E attendances | ||||||
| Mean per patient (SD) | 0.48 (1.10) | 0.35 (0.90) | STD 0.130, p < 0.001 | 0.59 (1.24) | 0.31 (0.76) | STD 0.268, p < 0.001 |
| ≥ 1 | 886 (28.4) | 671 (21.5) | – | 611 (31.8) | 387 (20.1) | – |
A&E accident and emergency, GP general practitioner, OA osteoarthritis, SD standard deviation, STD standardised difference