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. 2022 Mar 21;9(3):851–874. doi: 10.1007/s40744-022-00431-2

Table 2.

Healthcare resource utilisation by type in the 12 months post-index

n (%) unless stated otherwise Moderate to severe OA pain
n = 3123
Matched controls
n = 3123
STD and p value Severe OA pain
n = 1922
Matched controls
n = 1922
STD and p value
GP encounters
 All types
  Mean per patient (SD) 5.33 (5.94) 3.42 (4.61) STD 0.360, p < 0.001 6.11 (6.48) 3.53 (4.81) STD 0.453, p < 0.001
  ≥ 1 2858 (91.5) 2373 (76.0) 1812 (94.3) 1466 (76.3)
 Face-to-face practice appointments
  Mean per patient (SD) 3.61 (4.13) 2.04 (2.85) STD 0.444, p < 0.001 3.97 (4.27) 1.97 (2.64) STD 0.563, p < 0.001
  ≥ 1 2670 (85.5) 2064 (66.1) 1706 (88.8) 1261 (65.6)
 Telephone consultations
  Mean per patient (SD) 1.52 (3.04) 1.08 (2.22) STD 0.163, p < 0.001 1.85 (3.36) 1.20 (2.48) STD 0.219, p < 0.001
  ≥ 1 1567 (50.2) 1201 (38.5) 1096 (57.0) 780 (40.6)
 Home visits
  Mean per patient (SD) 0.20 (1.24) 0.29 (1.40) STD 0.073, p = 0.004 0.29 (1.51) 0.35 (1.60) STD 0.036, p = 0.263
  ≥ 1 230 (7.4) 272 (8.7) 205 (10.7) 181 (9.4)
Inpatient admissions
 All types
  Mean per patient (SD) 0.74 (1.30) 0.57 (4.40) STD 0.051, p = 0.04 0.98 (1.49) 0.60 (4.02) STD 0.125, p < 0.001
  ≥ 1 1354 (43.4) 649 (20.8) 1024 (53.3) 402 (20.9)
  Mean days stay in those with ≥ 1 (SD) 4.64 (10.61) 10.28 (18.85) STD 0.369, p < 0.001 5.69 (14.21) 10.52 (19.08) STD 0.288, p < 0.001
 Day cases
  Mean per patient (SD) 0.35 (0.97) 0.19 (1.47) STD 0.129, p < 0.00 0.41 (1.05) 0.27 (1.91) STD 0.095, p = 0.003
  ≥ 1 728 (23.3) 273 (8.7) 501 (26.1) 174 (9.1)
  Mean days stay in those with ≥ 1 (SD) 1.52 (1.50) 2.21 (4.50) STD 0.208, p < 0.001 1.59 (1.53) 2.96 (5.70) STD 0.329, p < 0.001
 Elective
  Mean per patient (SD) 0.18 (0.43) 0.03 (0.21) STD 0.427, p < 0.001 0.28 (0.52) 0.03 (0.21) STD 0.628, p < 0.001
  ≥ 1 496 (15.9) 84 (2.7) 481 (25.0) 55 (2.9)
  Mean days stay in those with ≥ 1 (SD) 3.58 (4.62) 7.23 (12.72) STD 0.381, p < 0.001 3.94 (4.62) 7.73 (11.97) STD 0.417, p < 0.001
 Non-elective
  Mean per patient (SD) 0.21 (0.64) 0.23 (0.73) STD 0.028, p = 0.277 0.29 (0.80) 0.21 (0.66) STD 0.104, p = 0.001
  ≥ 1 439 (14.1) 413 (13.2) 351 (18.3) 258 (13.4)
  Mean days stay in those with ≥ 1 (SD) 7.74 (15.55) 12.31 (17.31) STD 0.278, p < 0.001 8.92 (22.11) 12.08 (18.60) STD 0.155, p = 0.06
Outpatient visits
 All types
  Mean per patient (SD) 11.19 (14.17) 5.85 (18.68) STD 0.322, p < 0.001 11.64 (15.71) 5.49 (16.78) STD 0.378, p < 0.001
  ≥ 1 3016 (96.6) 1785 (57.2) 1755 (91.3) 1107 (57.6)
 Cardiology
  Mean per patient (SD) 0.39 (1.17) 0.29 (1.07) STD 0.088, p < 0.001 0.38 (1.15) 0.32 (1.22) STD 0.048, p = 0.14
  ≥ 1 566 (18.1) 392 (12.6) 340 (17.7) 256 (13.3)
 Gastroenterology
  Mean per patient (SD) 0.13 (0.60) 0.07 (0.34) STD 0.139, p < 0.001 0.16 (0.64) 0.09 (0.48) STD 0.126, p < 0.001
  ≥ 1 229 (7.3) 137 (4.4) 162 (8.4) 91 (4.7)
 Orthopaedics
  Mean per patient (SD) 2.59 (2.57) 0.13 (0.65) STD 1.309, p < 0.001 2.11 (2.51) 0.12 (0.61) STD 1.090, p < 0.001
  ≥ 1 2391 (76.6) 188 (6.0) 1198 (62.3) 109 (5.7)
 Physiotherapy
  Mean per patient (SD) 1.38 (2.87) 0.15 (0.88) STD 0.576, p < 0.001 1.52 (3.06) 0.13 (0.73) STD 0.621, p < 0.001
  ≥ 1 987 (31.6) 143 (4.6) 612 (31.8) 88 (4.6)
 Psychotherapy
  Mean per patient (SD) 0.04 (0.70) 0.04 (0.68) STD 0.01, p = 0.688 0.05 (0.72) 0.02 (0.35) STD 0.048, p = 0.133
  ≥ 1 17 (0.5) 18 (0.6) 15 (0.8) 12 (0.6)
 Rheumatology
  Mean per patient (SD) 0.59 (1.91) 0.06 (0.43) STD 0.382, p < 0.001 0.44 (1.67) 0.06 (0.49) STD 0.311, p < 0.001
  ≥ 1 594 (19.0) 100 (3.2) 300 (15.6) 55 (2.9)
 Specialist pain management clinics
  Mean per patient (SD) 0.26 (0.99) 0.01 (0.19) STD 0.355, p < 0.001 0.25 (0.93) 0.02 (0.26) STD 0.335, p < 0.001
  ≥ 1 319 (10.2) 18 (0.6) 201 (10.5) 19 (1.0)
A&E attendances
 Mean per patient (SD) 0.48 (1.10) 0.35 (0.90) STD 0.130, p < 0.001 0.59 (1.24) 0.31 (0.76) STD 0.268, p < 0.001
 ≥ 1 886 (28.4) 671 (21.5) 611 (31.8) 387 (20.1)

A&E accident and emergency, GP general practitioner, OA osteoarthritis, SD standard deviation, STD standardised difference