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. 2022 Mar 31;9(3):781–802. doi: 10.1007/s40744-022-00442-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Structural and immunological features of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). a Outline of the characteristic anatomical structures of joints in healthy individuals and patients with RA (reflective of seropositive and seronegative RA), Rhupus or SLE (reflective of non-deforming non-erosive SLE and Jaccoud’s arthropathy). b, c Immunological pathways in the joints in RA (b) and SLE (c). APC Antigen presenting cell, BAFF B cell-activating factor, IFN interferon, IL interleukin, PAD peptidylarginine deiminase enzyme, RANKL receptor activator of nuclear factor κβ ligand, TNF tumor necrosis factor. Data from [1, 6, 7, 22, 42, 49, 75, 91, 92]