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High glucose induced autophagy in ARPE-19 through AMPK pathway. (A,B) pAMPK/AMPK ratio changed with high glucose induction time. (C–E) LC turnover assay result. CQ: chloroquine. n = 3 per group. (B,D): #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 vs. control; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. model; && p < 0.01 vs. control (CQ+). (E): *p < 0.05 vs. CQ-group.
