Table 1. Descriptive information of the selected studies for validating the EER(IOM) equation by TEE(DLW).
| Study | Year | Race | Life span (age range) | Group (No.) | Age (yrs) | BMI (kg/m2) | DRI predictive equation for EER(IOM) (kcal/day) | PAL | kcal/day | Mean % difference | Prediction (%) | Evaluation | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate | Over | Under | |||||||||||||
| Bandini et al. [10] | 2013 | White (USA MIT) | Children (8–12 yrs) | Total girls (161) | 10.0 ± 1.0 | 42.2 ± 23.41) | For girls < 9 yrs = 135.3 − [30.8 × age (yrs)] + PA × [10.0 × weight (kg)] + [934 × height (m)] + 20 | 56% of subjects: 1.00–1.592), 44% of subjects: 1.60–2.492) | · TEE(DLW) | 1,959 ± 260 | −6.2 | 70.0 | 2.5 | 28 | Acceptable |
| · EER(IOM) | 1,838 ± 229 | ||||||||||||||
| Sedentary/low active (90) | · TEE(DLW) | 1,851 ± 213 | −8.8 | 63.0 | - | - | Acceptable | ||||||||
| For girls ≥ 9 yrs = 135.3 − [30.8 × age (yrs)] + PA × [10.0 × weight (kg)] + [934 × height (m)] + 25 | · EER(IOM) | 1,689 ± 150 | |||||||||||||
| Active/very active (71) | · TEE(DLW) | 2,097 ± 249 | −3.3 | 78.0 | - | - | |||||||||
| · EER(IOM) | 2,028 ± 161 | ||||||||||||||
| Kim et al. [6] | 2018 | Korean | Children (9–11 yrs) | Boys (14) | 10.1 ± 0.8 | 18.2 ± 2.1 | 88.5 − [61.9 × age (yrs) + PA] × [26.7 × weight (kg) + 903 × height (m)] + 25 | 1.58 ± 0.20 | · TEE(DLW) | 1,925 ± 381 | 12.6 | 28.6 | 64.3 | 7.1 | Overestimated |
| · EER(IOM) | 2,168 ± 511 | ||||||||||||||
| Girls (11) | 10.7 ± 0.4 | 18.3 ± 1.4 | 135.3 − [30.8 × age (yrs)] + PA × [10.0 × weight (kg) + 934 × height (m)] + 25 | 1.55 ± 0.13 | · TEE(DLW) | 1,930 ± 279 | −1.6 | 63.6 | 9.1 | 27.9 | Acceptable | ||||
| · EER(IOM) | 1,899 ± 242 | ||||||||||||||
| Komura et al. [9] | 2017 | Japanese | Children (10–12 yrs) | Boys (33) | 8.9 ± 1.8 | 18.6 ± 2.8 | For boys (9–18 yrs): 88.5 − 61.9 × age (yrs) + PA × [26.7 × body weight (kg) + 903 × height (m)] | 1.60 ± 0.16 | · TEE(DLW) | 2,107 ± 273 | - | - | - | - | Acceptable |
| · EER(IOM) | 2,153 ± 321 | 2.1 | 93.9 | 6.1 | 0.0 | ||||||||||
| Girls (23) | 8.9 ± 1.8 | 17.2 ± 1.9 | For girls (9–18 yrs): 135.3 − 30.8 × age (yrs) + PA × [10.0 × body weight (kg) + 934 × height (m)] | 1.56 ± 0.19 | · TEE(DLW) | 1,847 ± 269 | - | - | - | - | Acceptable | ||||
| · EER(IOM) | 1,882 ± 271 | 1.9 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||||||||||
| Silva et al. [12] | 2013 | Portuguese | Adolescent (junior basketball players) (16–18 yrs) | Men (12) | 17.0 ± 0.7 | 21.8 ± 1.8 | 88.5 − [61.9 × age (yrs) + PA] × [26.7 × weight (kg) + 903 × height (m)] + 25 | 2.90 ± 0.50 | · TEE(DLW) | 4,626 ± 682 | - | 98.0 | - | - | Acceptable |
| · EER(IOM) | 4,599 ± 355 | ||||||||||||||
| Women (7) | 16.9 ± 0.7 | 21.4 ± 2.2 | 135.3 − [30.8 × age (yrs)] + PA × [10.0 × weight (kg) + 934 × height (m)] + 25 | 2.60 ± 0.30 | · TEE(DLW) | 3,497 ± 242 | |||||||||
| · EER(IOM) | 3,160 ± 88 | ||||||||||||||
| Ndahimana et al. [3] | 2017 | Korean (case-control) | Adults (female) (19–24 yrs) | Athletes (8) | 20.4 ± 1.2 | 21.7 ± 2.1 | 354 − [6.91 × age (yrs)] + PA × [9.36 × weight (kg) + 726 × height (m)] | 1.97 ± 0.17 | · TEE(DLW) | 2,780 ± 430 | −2.7 | 37.5 | 25.0 | 37.5 | Underestimated |
| · EER(IOM) | 2,706 ± 430 | ||||||||||||||
| Non-athletes (7) | 21.7 ± 1.1 | 21.4 ± 3.3 | 1.60 ± 0.15 | · TEE(DLW) | 2,012 ± 161 | 1.4 | 85.7 | 14.3 | 0.0 | Acceptable | |||||
| · EER(IOM) | 2,041 ± 67 | ||||||||||||||
| Kim et al. [5] | 2017 | Korean | Adults (20–49 yrs) | Men (35) | 33.5 ± 8.8 | 23.2 ± 2.1 | 662 − [9.53 × age (yrs)] + PA × [15.91 × weight (kg) + 539.6 × height (m)] | 1.55 ± 0.19 | · TEE(DLW) | 2,707 ± 419 | −1.4 | 77.1 | 11.4 | 11.4 | Acceptable |
| · EER(IOM) | 2,670 ± 272 | ||||||||||||||
| Women (36) | 33.3 ± 8.5 | 22.2 ± 3.2 | 354 − [6.91 × age (yrs)] + PA × [9.36 × weight (kg) + 726 × height (m)] | 1.46 ± 0.16 | · TEE(DLW) | 2,106 ± 329 | −5.7 | 62.9 | 8.6 | 28.6 | |||||
| · EER(IOM) | 1,987 ± 219 | ||||||||||||||
| Ndahimana et al. [11] | 2019 | Korean | Elderly adults (≥ 65 yrs) | Men (25) | 72.2 ± 3.9 | 24.0 ± 2.1 | 662 − [9.53 × age (yrs)] + PA × [15.91 × weight (kg) + 539.6 × height (m)] | 1.83 ± 0.28 | · TEE(DLW) | 2,673 ± 297 | −7.2 | 64 | 0.0 | 36 | Acceptable |
| · EER(IOM) | 2,480 ± 329 | ||||||||||||||
| Women (23) | 70.0 ± 3.3 | 23.9 ± 2.7 | 354 − [6.91 × age (yrs)] + PA × [9.36 × weight (kg) + 726 × height (m)] | 1.65 ± 0.19 | · TEE(DLW) | 2,024 ± 254 | −6.6 | −74 | 0.0 | 26 | |||||
| · EER(IOM) | 1,889 ± 204 | ||||||||||||||
| Cooper et al. [8] | 2013 | Black (USA) | Elderly (≥ 80 yrs) | Men (47) | 82.2 ± 3.3 | 27.1 ± 4.8 | 662 − [9.53 × age (yrs)] + PA × [15.91 × weight (kg) + 539.6 × height (m)] | 1.68 ± 0.21 | · TEE(DLW) | 2,208 ± 56 | 4.2 | - | - | - | Acceptable |
| · EER(IOM) | 2,305 ± 35 | ||||||||||||||
| Women (40) | 82.0 ± 2.8 | 28.0 ± 4.3 | 354 − [6.91 × age (yrs)] + PA × [9.36 × weight (kg) + 726 × height (m)] | 1.67 ± 0.31 | · TEE(DLW) | 1,814 ± 42 | −1.9 | - | - | - | |||||
| · EER(IOM) | 1,781 ± 20 | ||||||||||||||
Data are shown as mean ± SD, or %.
EER(IOM), estimated energy expenditure calculated with predictive equation developed by the Institute of Medicine; TEE(DLW), total energy expenditure measured by double labeled water method; BMI, body mass index; DRI, dietary reference intake; PAL, physical activity level calculated with total energy expenditure measured by double labeled water method divided by resting energy expenditure; Mean % difference, [EER(IOM) − TEE(DLW)]/TEE(DLW) × 100; Accurate prediction %, the percentage of subjects predicted by the DRI predictive equations within 90 and 110% of TEE(DLW); Over-prediction %, the percentage of subjects predicted by the DRI predictive equations > 110% of TEE(DLW); Under-prediction %, the percentage of subjects predicted by the DRI predictive equations < 90% of TEE(DLW).
1)BMI percentile.
2)Indicates range of physical activity level.