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. 2022 Feb 25;16(Suppl 1):S11–S20. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2022.16.S1.S11

Table 2. Descriptive information of the selected studies for validating the EER equations other than EER(IOM) by TEE(DLW).

Study Year Race Life span (age range) Group (No.) Age (yrs) BMI (kg/m2) Other predictive equation for EER (kcal/day) PAL kcal/day Mean % difference Prediction (%) Evaluation
Accurate Over Under
Komura et al. [9] 2017 Japanese Children (10–12 yrs) Boys (33) 8.9 ± 1.8 18.6 ± 2.8 EER(J-DRI): BMR standard* (kcal/kg/day) × body weight (kg) × PA(J-DRI) 1.60 ± 0.16 · TEE(DLW) 2,107 ± 273 - - - -
EER(FAO): · EER(J-DRI) 2,264 ± 470 6.9 63.6 33.3 3.0 Acceptable
For boys (1–18 yrs): 310.2 + 63.3 × body weight (kg) − 0.263 × body weight (kg)2 · EER(FAO) 2,320 ± 279 9.2 57.6 42.2 0.0 Overestimated
Girls (23) 8.9 ± 1.8 17.2 ± 1.9 For girls (1–18 yrs): 263.4 + 65.3 × body weight (kg) − 0.454 × body weight (kg)2 1.56 ± 0.19 · TEE(DLW) 1,847 ± 269 - - - -
· EER(J-DRI) 2,007 ± 401 8.0 69.6 26.1 4.2 Acceptable
· EER(FAO) 2,031 ± 183 9.1 34.8 60.9 4.3 Overestimated
Ebine et al. [4] 2000 Japanese Senior, Junior (synchronized swimmers) (18–23 yrs) Women (9) 19.8 ± 2.8 20.7 ± 0.7 EER(J-RDA) = BMR + (BMR × X) + 1/10 A 2.18 ± 0.42 · TEE(DLW) 2,738 ± 672 - - - - Acceptable
*BMR = C (kcal × m−2 × h−1) × (Weight0.444 × Height0.663 × 88.83/1,000) (m2) × 24 (h) × 1.04 · EER(J-RDA) 2,897 ± 139 5.8
-X: activity level (1.0; level 4)
-C: 36.9 for 16 yrs, 36.0 for 17 yrs, 35.6 for 18 yrs, 35.1 for 19 yrs, 34.3 for 20–29 yrs
Sagayama et al. [7] 2017 Japanese Adult (college wrestlers) Men (10) 20.4 ± 0.5 25.7 ± 1.7 EER(NIHN) = estimated BMR (kcal/day) × PA 2.58 ± 0.34 · TEE(DLW) 4,283 ± 590 - - - - Underestimated
*Estimate BMR = [0.1238 + (0.0481 × body weight (kg) + (0.0234 × height (cm)) − (0.0138 × (age (yrs) − 0.5473] × 1.000/4.186 · EER(NIHN) 3,548 ± 253 −20.7
Zhuo et al. [13] 2013 Chinese Adults (20–26 yrs) Men (16) 23 ± 1 23 ± 1 EER(EB) (MJ/day) = energy intake (MJ/day) + decrease or increase of body weight (kg) × 29 ÷ experimental period (days) 1.59 ± 0.22 · TEE(DLW) 2,258 ± 180 - - - - Overestimated
EER(PA) = pBEE × PAL · EER(EB) 2,373 ± 315 4.8
*pBEE: (15.3 × weight + 679) × 95% (kcal) · EER(PA) 2,463 ± 104 8.3
EER(PR): sum of metabolic equivalents (METs)/min × activity’s duration (min) × unit of the MET (0.0175 kcal·kg−1·min−1) × body weight (kg) · EER(PR) 2,582 ± 136 12.5
Cooper et al. [8] 2013 Black (USA) Elderly (≥ 65 yrs) Men (47) 82.2 ± 3.3 27.1 ± 4.8 EER(WHO): BMR (kcal/day) × PA 1.68 ± 0.21 · TEE(DLW) 2,208 ± 56 24.3 - - - Overestimated
· EER(WHO) 2,915 ± 31
Women (40) 82.0 ± 2.8 28.0 ± 4.3 1.67 ± 0.31 · TEE(DLW) 1,814 ± 42 21.6 - - -
· EER(WHO) 2,315 ± 21

Data are shown as mean ± SD, or %.

EER, estimated energy requirement; EER(IOM), EER calculated with predictive equation developed by the Institute of Medicine; TEE(DLW), total energy expenditure measured by double labeled water method; BMI, body mass index; PAL, physical activity level calculated with total energy expenditure measured by double labeled water method divided by resting energy expenditure; EER(J-DRI), equation of dietary reference intake for Japanese; EER(FAO), estimated energy expenditure by the equation of food and agriculture organization of the United Nations; EER(J-RDA), estimated energy expenditure calculated by equation of the Recommended Dietary Allowance; EER(NIHN), estimated energy expenditure calculated by equation of the National Institute of Health and Nutrition; EER(EB), estimated energy expenditure by energy balance method; EER(PA), estimated energy expenditure by physical activity; EER(PR), estimated energy expenditure by physical record; EER(WHO), EER by the World Health Organization equation; Mean % difference, [EER(IOM) − TEE(DLW)]/TEE(DLW) × 100; Accurate prediction %, the percentage of subjects predicted by the DRI predictive equations within 90 and 110% of TEE(DLW); Over-prediction %, the percentage of subjects predicted by the DRI predictive equations > 110% of TEE(DLW); Under-prediction %, the percentage of subjects predicted by the DRI predictive equations < 90% of TEE(DLW).