TABLE 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients with AF and with and without thrombosis.
| Total | AF without thrombosis | AF with thrombosis | P-value | |
| N | 46 | 24 | 22 | |
| Age, years | 55.8 ± 7.2 | 54.9 ± 5.9 | 56.7 ± 8.4 | 0.398 |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Female | 12 (26.1) | 8 (33.3) | 4 (18.7) | 0.242 |
| Male | 34 (73.9) | 16 (66.7) | 18 (81.8) | |
| Type of AF, n (%) | ||||
| Paroxysmal | 24 (52.2%) | 13 (54.2%) | 11 (50.0%) | 0.777 |
| Persistent | 22 (47.8%) | 11 (45.8%) | 11 (50.0%) | |
| Height, m | 1.72 (1.64, 1.76) | 1.69 (1.62, 1.75) | 1.75 (1.70, 1.76) | 0.155 |
| Weight, kg | 76.3 ± 13.6 | 72.8 ± 13.2 | 80.1 ± 13.3 | 0.071 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.1 ± 3.4 | 25.3 ± 3.0 | 27.0 ± 3.7 | 0.105 |
| Duration of AF, years | 3.0 (2.0, 6.0) | 4.0 (2.0, 6.0) | 3.0 (1.8, 4.3) | 0.219 |
| Laboratory findings | ||||
| Triglyceride, mmol/L | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ± 0.7 | 1.8 ± 1.1 | 0.638 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.6 ± 1.2 | 4.6 ± 1.2 | 4.5 ± 1.3 | 0.783 |
| Image examination | ||||
| LA diameter, mm | 40.0 ± 5.4 | 38.6 ± 4.6 | 41.5 ± 5.9 | 0.069 |
| LVEF, % | 62.7 ± 6.3 | 63.5 ± 5.6 | 61.7 ± 6.9 | 0.332 |
| Mean LAA orifice diameter, mm | 24.0 ± 5.8 | 22.6 ± 6.5 | 25.6 ± 4.6 | 0.078 |
| LAA orifice area, mm2 | 1821.7 (1122.5, 2508.9) | 1331.5 (764.5, 2455.6) | 2052.0 (1653.1, 2533.3) | 0.082 |
| LAA volume, cm3 | 8.2 (5.2, 11.2) | 6.2 (4.6, 9.4) | 10.2 (7.7, 12.0) | 0.059 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 18 (39.1) | 6 (25.0) | 12 (54.5) | 0.040* |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 10 (21.7) | 3 (12.5) | 7 (31.8) | 0.159 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 3 (6.5) | 0 (0) | 3 (13.6) | 0.101 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 8 (17.4) | 1 (4.2) | 7 (31.8) | 0.020* |
| CAD, n (%) | 3 (6.5) | 1 (4.2) | 2 (9.1) | 0.600 |
| Smoke, n (%) | 18 (39.1) | 7 (29.2) | 11 (50.0) | 0.148 |
| Warfarin use†, n (%) | 42 (91.3) | 22 (91.7) | 20 (90.9) | 1.000 |
| CHA2DS2-VaSc score, n (%) | ||||
| High risk: ≥ 2 | 11 (23.9) | 2 (8.3) | 9 (40.9) | 0.010* |
| Moderate risk: = 1 | 21 (45.7) | 10 (41.7) | 11 (50.0) | 0.571 |
| Low risk: = 0 | 14 (30.4) | 12 (50.0) | 2 (9.1) | 0.003* |
Values are expressed in mean ± SD, number (percentage, %) or median (Q1, Q3).
*Marked significant differences.
†“Warfarin use” refers to the use of warfarin after obtaining the image data required for the study rather than warfarin on admission.
AF, atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; LA, left atrium; LVEF, left ventricle ejection fraction; LAA, left atrial appendage; CAD, coronary artery disease.