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. 2022 May 10;13:876971. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.876971

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Copyright © 2022 Park, Hwang, Oh, Kwon and Oh.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Influence of two major virulence genes of C. michiganensis in N. benthamiana plants on the development of wilting symptoms. (A) Wilting symptoms in N. benthamiana after stem inoculation with 10⁸ CFU/ml of C. michiganensis LMG7333^T and its Tn::celA and Tn::pat-1 mutant strains. Inoculation sites are indicated by white arrows. The inoculated plants were photographed at 21 days after inoculation (dai). (B) Quantification of wilting severity in N. benthamiana plants shown in (A). An average and standard deviation (n = 4) of wilting severity are shown in the figures. The different letters on top of each bar indicate a statistically significant difference analyzed via Kruskal–Wallis test (p < 0.05). Similar results were obtained from three independent assays. (C) Confirmation of inoculated bacteria via PCR analysis with primer sets specific to the indicated genes. M, 1 kb DNA marker; N, no DNA. Scale bar = 10 cm.