TABLE 1.
General characteristics of the data reported in the articles selected reporting antimicrobial resistance data for cephalosporins and carbapenems in swine E. coli isolates (n = 394 articles).
| Characteristic of articles | Specific feature | Number of articles |
| Phenotypic methods used for antimicrobial susceptibility typing | Diffusion | 121 |
| Dilution | 182 | |
| Diffusion and dilution | 2 | |
| Unknown | 2 | |
| Publication years | Before 2000 | 2 |
| 2000–2005 | 49 | |
| 2006–2010 | 67 | |
| 2011–2015 | 109 | |
| 2016–2021 | 167 | |
| Time of sample collection | Known | 354 |
| Unknown | 40 | |
| Age of pigs | Described | 293 |
| Unknown | 101 | |
| Sample scheme | Described | 207 |
| Not described | 187 | |
| Management/husbandry | Described | 67 |
| Not described | 327 | |
| Antibiotic use | Mentioned | 154 |
| Not mentioned | 240 | |
| Breakpoint used for interpretation of resistance results | CLSI | 174 |
| EUCAST | 83 | |
| Others | 44 | |
| Unknown | 10 | |
| Geographic distribution of the articles | Africa | 7 |
| Asia | 125 | |
| Europe | 196 | |
| North America | 45 | |
| Oceania | 7 | |
| South America | 14 | |
| Geographic distribution of the number of isolates studied for phenotypic resistance | Africa | 782 |
| Asia | 31,088 | |
| Europe | 90,597 | |
| North America | 50,314 | |
| Oceania | 1,207 | |
| South America | 1,202 | |
| Specific location/geographic extent | Described | 346 |
| Not described | 48 | |
| Health status | Healthy | 231 |
| Diseased | 151 | |
| Mixed | 13 | |
| Unknown | 45 |