Figure 3 –

Modulation of enzyme activity by biomolecular condensates. Six outcomes are illustrated, highlighting different partitioning into condensates of enzymes, substrates, and products. A) Enzymes and substrates partitioned together or separately have been shown to enhance or reduce enzyme activity, respectively. Condensates which preferentially sequester unstable or toxic biproducts may localize the responsible enzymes at the condensate interface. B) Condensates can influence biochemical pathways by preferential incorporation of one enzyme over the other to alter reaction selectivity. C) Enzyme incorporation into the condensate environment could induce enzyme structural changes that alter enzyme kinetics.