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. 2022 May 24;20:70. doi: 10.1186/s12964-022-00891-7

Table 3.

Possible hormones and their function involved in homeostasis of subchondral bone

Hormone Secretory organ Target cell Involved pathway function Reference
Melatonin Pineal body Bone marrow MSC Acan, Col2a1, Col10a1, Sox9, Runx2 Chondrogenesis [64]
TSH Adenohypophysis Osteoblast Alp, Rankl, Osteocalcin Osteoblastogenesis [69]
Osteoclast Jnk/c-jun, Nfkb Inhibition of osteoclastogenesis [71]
Cortisol Adrenal gland Osteoblast Hsd11b1 Decrease in bone formation (74)

TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone