Table 1.

Significantly (P < 0.05) enriched metabolic pathways in KEGG and REACTOME. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) and differentially abundant proteins (DAP) involved in each pathway resulted from transcriptomic and proteomic analyses in proventriculus of fast (FG) vs slow (SG) growing chickens

Experiment	Enriched Biological Pathway	Upregulated DEG or DAP		Databasea	P value
		Upregulated in SG	Upregulated in FG
Transcriptomic analysis	Glyoxylate Metabolism and Gly Degradation	DLAT, PDHB, PDHX, LIAS, OGDH	none	REACTOME	0.014
	Pyruvate Metabolism	DLAT, PDHB, PDHX	none	REACTOME	0.030
Proteomic analysis	Translocation of GLUT4 to membrane	none	YWHAE, YWHAQ, YWHAZ	REACTOME	0.016
	The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle	SDHA, SDHB	CS	REACTOME	0.001
	Glycolysis	TPI1	ENO1, PKM	REACTOME	0.029
	Gluconeogenesis	GOT1, TPI1	ENO1	REACTOME	0.046
	Biosynthesis of Amino Acid	GOT1, PKM, TPI1	CS, ENO1, PRPS2	KEGG	0.003
	Arg and Pro Metabolism	none	AGMAT, CKB, CKM, CKMT1A, GOT1	KEGG	0.005

Abbreviations: AGMAT Agmatinase, Arg arginine, CKB M Creatine Kinase Brain, Muscle, CS Citrate synthase, DAP Differentially abundant proteins, DEG Differentially expressed genes, DLAT dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase, ENO1 Enolase 1, GLUT4 glucose transporter 4, Gly glycine, GOT1 Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1, LIAS Lipoic acid synthetase, OGDH oxoglutarate (α-ketoglutarate) dehydrogenase, PDHB pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) beta, PDHX pyruvate dehydrogenase complex component, PKM Pyruvate Kinase, Pro proline, PRPS2 Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 2, SDHA, B Succinate dehydrogenase complex flavoprotein subunit A, B, TPI1 Triosephosphate isomerase 1, YWHAE, Q, Z Tyrosine 3-monfooxygenase/ tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein epsilon, theta, zeta

^aThe reference for the databases used in the study are: KEGG (Kanehisa and Goto, 2000), REACTOME (Lewis et al., 2005)