FIGURE 3.

Ubiquitin‐specific peptidase 10 (USP10) knockdown reduces the immune escape of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) cells. (A and B) expression of PD‐L1 and Galectin‐9 in Panc‐1 and BxPC‐1 cells detected by RT‐qPCR and western blot analysis; (C) portion of programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1)‐ and Galectin‐9‐positive Panc‐1 and BxPC‐1 cells examined by flow cytometry; (D) portion of CD86‐positive (M1‐polarized) and CD206‐positive (M2‐polarized) macrophages after co‐incubation with Panc‐1 and BxPC‐1 cells evaluated by flow cytometry; (E) expression of the M1‐macrophage markers (iNOS, IL‐1β, and IL‐6) and M2‐macrophage markers (Arg1, IL‐10, and IL‐13) in cells examined by RT‐qPCR; (F) the degree of Panc‐1 and BxPC‐1 cells lysed by natural killer (NK) cells examined using an LDH kit. Differences were analyzed by two‐way ANOVA (A–E), **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001