FIGURE 2.

Analysis on mTOR‐dependent cancer metabolism by molecular‐genetic versus proteomics approaches. mTORC1 promotes the glycolytic metabolism by activating hnRNPA1‐dependent alternative splicing of a Myc‐binding partner Delta Max, whereas mTORC2 signaling controls c‐Myc transcription, translation, and protein level through the regulation of FoxO and microRNA. Quantitative proteome (iMPAQT) reveals that mTORC2 governs the Warburg effect in a comprehensive manner, including glycolysis, TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. FoxO, forkhead box O; hnRNPA1, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1; iMPAQT, in vitro proteome‐assisted MRM for protein absolute quantification; Max, myc‐associated factor X; OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation; TCA, tricarboxylic acid