Table 2.
Risk factors associated with LOS among inpatient and LTC post-CRAB culture: Unadjusted and multivariable regression
| Characteristics | Inpatient [N = 558] |
Long-Term Care (LTC) [N = 227] |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted IRR (95% CI) |
Adjusted IRR (95% CI) | Unadjusted IRR (95% CI) |
Adjusted IRR (95% CI) | |
| Demographic & clinical characteristics | ||||
| Male | 0.58 (0.28–1.21) | – | 0.73 (0.32–1.65) | – |
| Age category | ||||
| 18–49 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 50–64 | 0.68 (0.39–1.19) | 0.64 (0.37–1.10) | 1.11 (0.68–1.80) | 1.04 (0.63–1.71) |
| 65 + | 0.49 (0.29–0.84) | 0.50 (0.29–0.84) | 0.98 (0.61–1.58) | 0.91 (0.56–1.49) |
| Race | ||||
| White | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| African American | 1.07 (0.86–1.33) | – | 1.02 (0.78–1.34) | – |
| Other* | 0.68 (0.30–1.54) | – | 0.67 (0.27–1.65) | – |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Latine | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Latine | 1.01 (0.75–1.37) | – | 1.05 (0.57–1.94) | – |
| Region | ||||
| South | Reference | Reference | Reference | – |
| Midwest | 1.27 (0.94–1.71) | 1.41 (1.05–1.88) | 0.81 (0.56–1.16) | – |
| West | 1.14 (0.86–1.52) | 1.35 (1.02–1.79) | 1.23 (0.83–1.83) | – |
| Northeast | 0.79 (0.55–1.13) | 0.98 (0.69–1.39) | 1.13 (0.64–2.01) | – |
| U.S. Territory | 1.16 (0.82–1.64) | 1.49 (1.04–2.13) | 1.18 (0.52–2.68) | – |
| Rurality | ||||
| Urban | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Rural | 0.74 (0.47–1.15) | – | 1.01 (0.32–3.19) | – |
| Facility complexity | ||||
| High | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Low | 0.51 (0.22–1.16) | – | 1.53 (0.63–3.74) | – |
| Specimen type | ||||
| Urine | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Respiratory‡ | 0.95 (0.71–1.26) | 0.82 (0.62–1.10) | 1.31 (0.90–1.91) | 1.23 (0.84–1.79) |
| Blood | 0.42 (0.27–0.67) | 0.47 (0.30–0.73) | 1.11 (0.48–2.58) | 1.15 (0.51–2.61) |
| Other† | 1.04 (0.79–1.37) | 1.04 (0.80–1.36) | 1.24 (0.92–1.68) | 1.34 (1.00–1.81) |
| Co-morbidities | ||||
| Charlson Score | 0.96 (0.93–0.99) | 0.95 (0.92–0.98) | 1.01 (0.96–1.05) | 0.99 (0.94–1.04) |
| SCI/D | ||||
| No | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Yes | 1.55 (1.14–2.09) | – | 0.88 (0.65–1.19) | – |
| Antibiotic exposure in previous 90 days | ||||
| Any Antibiotics | ||||
| No | Reference | – | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 0.98 (0.79–1.22) | – | 0.67 (0.49–0.93) | 0.72 (0.52–0.99) |
| Fluoroquinolones | ||||
| No | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Yes | 0.93 (0.70–1.23) | – | 0.46 (0.30–0.69) | – |
| 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins | ||||
| No | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Yes | 1.48 (0.77–2.85) | – | 0.62 (0.20–1.97) | – |
| Carbapenems | ||||
| No | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Yes | 1.37 (0.41–4.65) | – | – | – |
| Length of stay 1 year prior to culture | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) |
Significant associations are shown in bold (p < 0.05)
*Other includes, Asian, Native American and Pacific Islander
†Other specimen types include wounds, skin/soft tissue, body fluid, bone/joint, rectal cultures
‡Respiratory specimen types include bronchial alveolar, tracheal aspirate, induced sputum, etc.