Table 3.
Bivariate and multivariable analysis of CRPA cultures evaluating association between patient/facility characteristics and 90-day mortality
| Characteristics [n = 8204] |
Death 90 days after culture date (%) [N = 2012] |
No death 90 days after culture date (%) [N = 6192] |
Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI) |
Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and clinical characteristics | ||||
| Male | 1983 (98.6) | 6019 (97.2) | 1.97 (1.32–2.92) | – |
| Age category | ||||
| 18–49 | 36 (1.8) | 354 (5.7) | Reference | Reference |
| 50–64 | 378 (18.8) | 1516 (24.5) | 2.45 (1.71–3.52) | 1.83 (1.24–2.69) |
| 65 + | 1598 (79.4) | 4322 (69.8) | 3.63 (2.57–5.14) | 2.96 (2.04–4.29) |
| Race | ||||
| White | 1514 (75.3) | 4908 (79.3) | Reference | – |
| African American | 469 (23.3) | 1181 (19.1) | 1.29 (1.15–1.45) | – |
| Other* | 29 (1.4) | 103 (1.7) | 0.91 (0.60–1.38) | – |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Latine | 1799 (89.4) | 5737 (92.7) | Reference | – |
| Latine | 213 (10.6) | 455 (7.3) | 1.49 (1.26–1.77) | – |
| Region | ||||
| South | 861 (42.8) | 2533 (40.9) | Reference | Reference |
| Midwest | 370 (18.4) | 1334 (21.5) | 0.82 (0.71–0.94) | 0.77 (0.66–0.90) |
| West | 391 (19.4) | 1377 (22.2) | 0.84 (0.73–0.96) | 0.85 (0.73–0.99) |
| Northeast | 242 (12.0) | 707 (11.4) | 1.01 (0.95–1.19) | 0.83 (0.69–1.00) |
| U.S. Territory | 148 (7.4) | 241 (3.9) | 1.81 (1.45–2.25) | 1.23 (0.96–1.58) |
| Rurality | ||||
| Urban | 1892 (94.0) | 5733 (92.6) | Reference | – |
| Rural | 120 (6.0) | 459 (7.4) | 0.79 (0.64–0.98) | – |
| Facility complexity | ||||
| High | 1908 (94.8) | 5578 (90.1) | Reference | – |
| Low | 104 (5.2) | 614 (9.9) | 0.50 (0.40–0.61) | – |
| Care setting | ||||
| Outpatient | 398 (19.8) | 3117 (50.3) | Reference | Reference |
| Long-term care | 205 (10.2) | 838 (13.5) | 1.92 (01.59–2.31) | 1.08 (0.86–1.36) |
| Inpatient | 1409 (70.0) | 2237 (36.1) | 4.93 (4.36–5.58) | 2.95 (2.58–3.38) |
| Specimen type | ||||
| Urine | 758 (37.7) | 3565 (57.6) | Reference | Reference |
| Respiratory‡ | 823 (40.9) | 936 (15.1) | 4.12 (3.66–4.56) | 2.58 (2.25–2.96) |
| Blood | 91 (4.5) | 93 (1.5) | 4.60 (3.41–6.21) | 2.82 (2.04–3.90) |
| Other† | 340 (16.9) | 1598 (25.8) | 1.00 (0.87–1.15) | 0.84 (0.72–0.98) |
| Co-morbidities | ||||
| Mean Charlson Score (SD) | 6 (3.1) | 4 (2.9) | < 0.0001§ | 1.13 (1.11–1.15) |
| SCI/D | ||||
| No | 1813 (90.1) | 5083 (82.1) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 199 (9.9) | 1109 (17.9) | 0.50 (0.43–0.59) | 0.64 (0.53–0.77) |
| Antibiotic exposure in previous 90 days | ||||
| Any antibiotics | ||||
| No | 1409 (70.0) | 3445 (55.6) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 603 (30.0) | 2747 (44.40 | 0.54 (0.48–0.60) | 0.58 (0.52–0.66) |
| Fluoroquinolones | ||||
| No | 1765 (87.7) | 5098 (82.3) | Reference | – |
| Yes | 247 (12.3) | 1094 (17.7) | 0.65 (0.56–0.76) | – |
| 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins | ||||
| No | 1960 (97.4) | 5971 (96.4) | Reference | – |
| Yes | 52 (2.6) | 221 (3.6) | 0.72 (0.53–0.97) | – |
| Carbapenems | ||||
| No | 1999 (99.4) | 6163 (99.5) | Reference | – |
| Yes | 13 (0.6) | 29 (0.5) | 1.38 (0.72–2.66) | – |
| Length of stay 1 year prior to culture | ||||
| Mean, median (SD) | 73, 38 (92.1) | 42, 10 (75.6) | < 0.0001§ | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) |
Significant associations are shown in bold (p < 0.05)
*Other includes, Asian, Native American and Pacific Islander
†Other specimen types include wounds, skin/soft tissue, body fluid, bone/joint, rectal cultures
‡Respiratory specimen types include bronchial alveolar, tracheal aspirate, induced sputum, etc.
§t-test p-value