Table 2.
Summary of results of the studies
| Author/year | Sample (n) | Intervention | Comparator | Results of viral load |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saliva | ||||
| Gottsauner (2020) | 10 | 20 mL 1% H2O2 | None |
Baseline: median 1.8 x 103 (IQR 3.1 x 102 and 4.7 x 104) copies/mL of SARS-CoV-2 RNA 30 min: median 1.5 x 103 (IQR 8.3 x 102 and 3.4 x 104) copies/mL of SARS-CoV-2 RNA (p = 0.96) |
| Martínez Lamas (2020) | 4 | 15 mL of 1% PI | None |
Authors state that in 2 of the 4 participants (patients 3 [P3] and 4 [P4]), the PVP-I resulted in a significant drop in viral load, which remained for at least 3 hours. Statistical significance and exact viral load measurements were not reported Data for viral load (log10 copies/mL) was extracted utilising the online application 'WebPlotDigitizer' as follows: Baseline: P1: 2.8; P2: 5.8; P3: 2.2; P4: 4.2 5 min: P1: 3.0; P2: 5.3; P3: 2.8; P4: 4.3 1 hour: P1: 2.8; P2: 2.4; P3: 2.4; P4: 3.2 2 hours: P1: 2.8; P2: 1.8; P3: 1.6; P4: 2.5 3 hours: P1: 3.2; P2: 1.0; P3: 2.2; P4: 2.2 |
| Seneviratne (2020) |
PI group (n = 4) CHX group (n = 6) CPC group (n = 4) Water as control group (n = 2) |
PI 5 mL (0.5% w/v) CHX 15 mL of undiluted (0.2% w/v) CPC 20 mL of 0.075% |
Sterile water |
A statistically significant increase in fold change of Ct value at 5 min (1) and 6 hours (0.9) was observed post-rinsing with CPC mouthrinse compared to the water group patients (p <0.05). A statistically significant increase in fold change was obtained only at 6 hours (1) post-rinsing with PI in comparison with water (p <0.01) Data for exact Ct values were not reported. Mean Ct values were extracted utilising the online application 'WebPlotDigitizer' as follows: Baseline: PI group 22.5; CHX group 29.9; CPC group 32.1; water group 26.4 5 min: PI group 24.1; CHX group 27.9; CPC group 32.9; water group 25.3 3 h: PI group 24.1; CHX group 30.1; CPC group 30.7; water group 23.2 6 h: PI group 23; CHX group 28; CPC group 31.9; water group 22 |
| Yoon (2020) | 2 | CHX solution mouthwash (0.12%, 15 mL) for 30 seconds | None |
Hospital day 3 (viral load, log10 copies/mL): Baseline: P1: 6.86 P2: 4.87 1 h: P1: ND P2:ND 2 h: P1: ND P2: ND 4 h: P1: 6.38 P2: 4.00 Hospital day 6 (viral load, log10 copies/mL): Baseline: P1: 4.36 P2: 5.00 1 h: P1: 4.70 P2: 3.93 2 h: P1: 2.93 P2: 3.85 4 h: P1: 6.26 P2: 2.73 |
| Schürmann (2021) |
34 SARS-CoV-2 positive hospitalised patients were recruited, two measurements were obtained in only 29 patients: at baseline and after 5 minutes A sample of 5 patients was followed for up to 6 hours |
Linolasept for 1 minute | None |
Among those followed for 5 min (n = 29) (mean Ct-value): Baseline: 26.0 (SD 5.8) 5 min: 29.1 (SD 6.1) Among those followed for 6 h (n = 5): Highly infectious patients recovered initial viral load during this time while less infectious patients were not able to restore their initial infectiviy 6 h post-gargling Data for exact viral load (1*10X) was not reported. This was extracted utilising the online application 'WebPlotDigitizer' as follows: Baseline: P1: 9.4; P2: 7.1; P3: 6.0; P4: 4.3; P5: 4.4 5 min: P1: 4.9; P2: 5.6; P3: 3.4; P4: 3.8; P5: 2.6 2 h: P1: 6.9; P2: 6.6; P3: 4.0; P4: 3.2; P5: 2.6 4 h: P1: 7.7; P2: 7.1; P3: 4.9; P4: 3.3; P5: 2.6 6 h: P1: 8.6; P2: 6.9; P3: 5.5; P4: 3.3; P5: 3.3 |
|
Key: IQR = interquartile range; PI = povidone-iodine; CHX = chlorhexidine gluconate; CPC = cetylpyridinium chloride; min = minutes; h = hours; Ct = cycle threshold values; P = patient; ND = non detectable; SD = standard deviation. | ||||