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. 2022 May 24:1–32. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s10668-022-02365-9

Table 5.

Policy/strategies of wastewater uses in different countries

Country Policy/Strategies Approach
India Wastewater reuse for agriculture Use treated wastewater for agricultural crop production
Mexico Wastewater reuse for agriculture Restricted irrigation excludes raw vegetables but health risks
Australia Environmental awareness Lagoons Wastewater is a valuable resource; The largest lagoon-based wastewater treatment plant biodiversity
Jordan Policy effectiveness wastewater reuse Water conservation recycling initiatives
Singapore Unique holistic approach Drinking water can be produced from wastewater using reverse osmosis
South Africa A human rights-based approach A better efficiency of water use by new granular sludge technology in module of public–private partnership
Switzerland New tax for upgrading wastewater treatment plants Swiss Parliament amended the Water Protection Act
Lausanne Treatment of micropollutants in municipal wastewater Initiation of new Federal tax on water bill